Abstract
The understanding of the effects of nitrogen sources on lignin synthesis in sweet potato during storage root formation is limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of different nitrogen source on sweet potato storage root formation and development, as well as lignin synthesis in potential storage roots. The sweet potato cultivars Shangshu 19 and Jixu 23 were used in field experiments in 2019 and 2020. Three treatments were tested: (a) no nitrogen fertilizer application (control); (b) 60 kg hm−2 ammonium nitrogen; and (c) 60 kg hm−2 amide nitrogen. The results indicate that during sweet potato storage root formation, ammonium nitrogen significantly enhanced root activity compared to that of the control. The ammonium nitrogen treatment promoted IbEXP1 and inhibited Ibkn1 and Ibkn2 expression during the early stages of storage root formation, then increased gibberellic acid and decreased zeatin riboside content, enhanced phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidase activities, and promoted lignin synthesis in potential storage roots. The opposite effects of ammonium nitrogen treatment on gene expression, hormone contents, and enzyme activity were observed in the late stages of storage root formation. Relative to the control, the ammonium nitrogen treatment significantly increased the number of storage roots during canopy closure. The ammonium nitrogen treatment produced the highest storage root yield and number of storage roots per plant. These results indicated that the ammonium nitrogen can inhibit root lignin synthesis, then promote storage root formation and increase the yield of sweet potato.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrogen increased root activity over the control during storage root formation.
- Taxon
- sweet potato
_Flower.jpg?width=60)
Ipomoea batatast0 - Treatment
- ammonium nitrogene0
- Outcome
- root activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Flower.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“ammonium nitrogen significantly enhanced root activity compared to that of the control”
t0“sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrogen promoted IbEXP1 expression early in storage root formation.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Organ / stage
- early stages of storage root formatione0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrogen treatmente0
- Gene
- IbEXP1e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ammonium nitrogen treatment promoted IbEXP1 and inhibited Ibkn1 and Ibkn2 expression during the early stages of storage root formation”
t0“sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrogen inhibited Ibkn1 expression early in storage root formation.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Organ / stage
- early stages of storage root formatione0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrogen treatmente0
- Gene
- Ibkn1e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ammonium nitrogen treatment promoted IbEXP1 and inhibited Ibkn1 and Ibkn2 expression during the early stages of storage root formation”
t0“sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrogen inhibited Ibkn2 expression early in storage root formation.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Organ / stage
- early stages of storage root formatione0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrogen treatmente0
- Gene
- Ibkn2e0
- Outcome
- Ibkn2 expressione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ammonium nitrogen treatment promoted IbEXP1 and inhibited Ibkn1 and Ibkn2 expression during the early stages of storage root formation”
t0“sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrogen increased gibberellic acid in potential storage roots during early formation.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Organ / stage
- potential storage rootse0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrogene1
- Outcome
- gibberellic acide0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“then increased gibberellic acid and decreased zeatin riboside content, enhanced phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidase activities, and promoted lignin synthesis in potential storage roots”
t0“sweet potato”
e1“The ammonium nitrogen treatment promoted IbEXP1”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrogen decreased zeatin riboside content in potential storage roots during early formation.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Organ / stage
- potential storage rootse0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrogene1
- Outcome
- zeatin riboside contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“then increased gibberellic acid and decreased zeatin riboside content, enhanced phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidase activities, and promoted lignin synthesis in potential storage roots”
t0“sweet potato”
e1“The ammonium nitrogen treatment promoted IbEXP1”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrogen enhanced phenylalanine ammonia lyase in potential storage roots during early formation.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Organ / stage
- potential storage rootse0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrogene1
- Outcome
- phenylalanine ammonia lyasee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“then increased gibberellic acid and decreased zeatin riboside content, enhanced phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidase activities, and promoted lignin synthesis in potential storage roots”
t0“sweet potato”
e1“The ammonium nitrogen treatment promoted IbEXP1”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrogen enhanced peroxidase activities in potential storage roots during early formation.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Organ / stage
- potential storage rootse0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrogene1
- Outcome
- peroxidase activitiese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“then increased gibberellic acid and decreased zeatin riboside content, enhanced phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidase activities, and promoted lignin synthesis in potential storage roots”
t0“sweet potato”
e1“The ammonium nitrogen treatment promoted IbEXP1”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrogen promoted lignin synthesis in potential storage roots during early formation.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Organ / stage
- potential storage rootse0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrogene1
- Outcome
- lignin synthesise0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“then increased gibberellic acid and decreased zeatin riboside content, enhanced phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidase activities, and promoted lignin synthesis in potential storage roots”
t0“sweet potato”
e1“The ammonium nitrogen treatment promoted IbEXP1”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrogen had effects opposite to its early-stage effects on gene expression during late storage root formation.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Organ / stage
- late stages of storage root formatione0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrogen treatmente0
- Outcome
- gene expressione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The opposite effects of ammonium nitrogen treatment on gene expression, hormone contents, and enzyme activity were observed in the late stages of storage root formation.”
t0“sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrogen had effects opposite to its early-stage effects on hormone contents during late storage root formation.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Organ / stage
- late stages of storage root formatione0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrogen treatmente0
- Outcome
- hormone contentse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The opposite effects of ammonium nitrogen treatment on gene expression, hormone contents, and enzyme activity were observed in the late stages of storage root formation.”
t0“sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrogen had effects opposite to its early-stage effects on enzyme activity during late storage root formation.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Organ / stage
- late stages of storage root formatione0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrogen treatmente0
- Outcome
- enzyme activitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The opposite effects of ammonium nitrogen treatment on gene expression, hormone contents, and enzyme activity were observed in the late stages of storage root formation.”
t0“sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrogen increased storage root number at canopy closure relative to the control.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Organ / stage
- canopy closuree0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrogen treatmente0
- Outcome
- number of storage rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative to the control, the ammonium nitrogen treatment significantly increased the number of storage roots during canopy closure.”
t0“sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrogen produced the highest storage root yield.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrogen treatmente0
- Outcome
- storage root yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ammonium nitrogen treatment produced the highest storage root yield and number of storage roots per plant.”
t0“sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrogen produced the highest number of storage roots per plant.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrogen treatmente0
- Outcome
- number of storage roots per plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ammonium nitrogen treatment produced the highest storage root yield and number of storage roots per plant.”
t0“sweet potato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude ammonium nitrogen can inhibit root lignin synthesis and thereby promote storage root formation and yield.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatase0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrogene0
- Outcome
- yield of sweet potatoe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- inhibit root lignin synthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ammonium nitrogen can inhibit root lignin synthesis, then promote storage root formation and increase the yield of sweet potato”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.