Abstract
Cabbage is a popular vegetable grown in Kenya for food and income generation. Despite the important role played by the crop within the country, current climate change effects and population pressure pose a need for increasing production through utilization of available resources. A study was therefore conducted to evaluate the effects of black shade net on soil properties and cabbage water use efficiency in humid coastal environment. Black shade nets of 0%, 50% and 70% shading intensity and two cabbage types (Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea) were evaluated in Randomized complete block design with three replications. 0% represented open field. Data collected included: soil chemical characteristics, soil moisture content, air temperature, fresh head weight, dry matter weight, and water use efficiency. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance using general linear model SAS Computer package version 9.1 and means separated using Tukey’s test at 5%. From the findings obtained, the use of black shade net of 70% and 50% shading significantly increased soil moisture content by 5.1% and 2.6% than open field. Maximum air temperature in 70% and 50% shade nets was lower than open field by 4.6⁰C and 1.8⁰C respectively while minimum air temperature under 70% and 50% shade nets was higher than open field by 2.7⁰C and 1.6⁰C respectively. Brassica rapa from 70% shading had 35% more fresh weight per plant than open field while those from 50% had 30%. Brassica oleracea from both 70% and 50% shading had 44% and 29% more fresh weight per plant respectively than those from open field. Although shade nets did not have significant effect on availability of nutrients within soil solution, Brassica rapa under 70% shading recorded 49% higher water use efficiency than open field while, 50% shading recorded 50% more WUE than open field. Brassica oleracea under 70% shading recorded 41% higher water use efficiency than open field, while 50% shading recorded 25% increase than open field. Owing to the fact that shade nets did not have significant effect on available nutrients within the soils but significantly influenced WUE, there is need for further studies to understand the effects of shade nets on cabbage nutrient use efficiency under the same environment.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Black shade net of 70% significantly increased soil moisture content by 5.1% relative to open field.
- Taxon
- Cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatat1 - Treatment
- black shade net of 70%e1
- Outcome
- soil moisture contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 5.1%e1
- Comparator
- open fielde1
- Setting
- humid coastal environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Cabbage Water Use Efficiency”
e0“in humid coastal environment”
e1“the use of black shade net of 70% and 50% shading significantly increased soil moisture content by 5.1% and 2.6% than open field”
Claim · model-written summary
Black shade net of 50% significantly increased soil moisture content by 2.6% relative to open field.
- Taxon
- CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat1
- Treatment
- 50% shadinge1
- Outcome
- soil moisture contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 2.6%e1
- Comparator
- open fielde1
- Setting
- humid coastal environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Cabbage Water Use Efficiency”
e0“in humid coastal environment”
e1“the use of black shade net of 70% and 50% shading significantly increased soil moisture content by 5.1% and 2.6% than open field”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum air temperature under 70% shade net was 4.6⁰C lower than in open field.
- Taxon
- CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat1
- Treatment
- 70% and 50% shade netse2
- Outcome
- maximum air temperaturee2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Value
- 4.6⁰Ce2
- Comparator
- open fielde2
- Setting
- humid coastal environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Cabbage Water Use Efficiency”
e0“in humid coastal environment”
e2“Maximum air temperature in 70% and 50% shade nets was lower than open field by 4.6⁰C and 1.8⁰C respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum air temperature under 50% shade net was 1.8⁰C lower than in open field.
- Taxon
- CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat1
- Treatment
- 70% and 50% shade netse2
- Outcome
- maximum air temperaturee2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Value
- 1.8⁰Ce2
- Comparator
- open fielde2
- Setting
- humid coastal environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Cabbage Water Use Efficiency”
e0“in humid coastal environment”
e2“Maximum air temperature in 70% and 50% shade nets was lower than open field by 4.6⁰C and 1.8⁰C respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum air temperature under 70% shade net was 2.7⁰C higher than in open field.
- Taxon
- CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat1
- Treatment
- 70% and 50% shade netse3
- Outcome
- minimum air temperaturee3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 2.7⁰Ce3
- Comparator
- open fielde3
- Setting
- humid coastal environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Cabbage Water Use Efficiency”
e0“in humid coastal environment”
e3“minimum air temperature under 70% and 50% shade nets was higher than open field by 2.7⁰C and 1.6⁰C respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum air temperature under 50% shade net was 1.6⁰C higher than in open field.
- Taxon
- CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat1
- Treatment
- 70% and 50% shade netse3
- Outcome
- minimum air temperaturee3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 1.6⁰Ce3
- Comparator
- open fielde3
- Setting
- humid coastal environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Cabbage Water Use Efficiency”
e0“in humid coastal environment”
e3“minimum air temperature under 70% and 50% shade nets was higher than open field by 2.7⁰C and 1.6⁰C respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassica rapa under 70% shading had 35% more fresh weight per plant than in open field.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa
Brassica rapae4 - Treatment
- 70% shadinge4
- Outcome
- fresh weight per plante4
- Direction
- moree4
- Value
- 35%e4
- Comparator
- open fielde4
- Setting
- humid coastal environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Cabbage Water Use Efficiency”
e0“in humid coastal environment”
e4“Brassica rapa from 70% shading had 35% more fresh weight per plant than open field while those from 50% had 30%”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassica rapa under 50% shading had 30% more fresh weight per plant than in open field.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaBrassica rapae4
- Treatment
- 50%e4
- Outcome
- fresh weight per plante4
- Direction
- moree4
- Value
- 30%e4
- Comparator
- open fielde4
- Setting
- humid coastal environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Cabbage Water Use Efficiency”
e0“in humid coastal environment”
e4“Brassica rapa from 70% shading had 35% more fresh weight per plant than open field while those from 50% had 30%”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassica oleracea under 70% shading had 44% more fresh weight per plant than in open field.
- Taxon
- Brassica oleracea
Brassica oleraceae5 - Treatment
- 70%e5
- Outcome
- fresh weight per plante5
- Direction
- moree5
- Value
- 44%e5
- Comparator
- open fielde5
- Setting
- humid coastal environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Cabbage Water Use Efficiency”
e0“in humid coastal environment”
e5“Brassica oleracea from both 70% and 50% shading had 44% and 29% more fresh weight per plant respectively than those from open field”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassica oleracea under 50% shading had 29% more fresh weight per plant than in open field.
- Taxon
- Brassica oleraceaBrassica oleraceae5
- Treatment
- 50%e5
- Outcome
- fresh weight per plante5
- Direction
- moree5
- Value
- 29%e5
- Comparator
- open fielde5
- Setting
- humid coastal environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Cabbage Water Use Efficiency”
e0“in humid coastal environment”
e5“Brassica oleracea from both 70% and 50% shading had 44% and 29% more fresh weight per plant respectively than those from open field”
Claim · model-written summary
Shade nets did not significantly change the availability of nutrients within the soil solution.
- Taxon
- CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat1
- Treatment
- shade netse6
- Outcome
- availability of nutrients within soil solutione6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
- Setting
- humid coastal environmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Cabbage Water Use Efficiency”
e0“in humid coastal environment”
e6“Although shade nets did not have significant effect on availability of nutrients within soil solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassica rapa under 70% shading had 49% higher water use efficiency than in open field.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaBrassica rapae7
- Treatment
- 70% shadinge7
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye7
- Direction
- highere7
- Value
- 49%e7
- Comparator
- open fielde7
- Setting
- humid coastal environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Cabbage Water Use Efficiency”
e0“in humid coastal environment”
e7“Brassica rapa under 70% shading recorded 49% higher water use efficiency than open field while, 50% shading recorded 50% more WUE than open field”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassica rapa under 50% shading had 50% more water use efficiency than in open field.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaBrassica rapae7
- Treatment
- 50% shadinge7
- Outcome
- WUEe7
- Direction
- moree7
- Value
- 50%e7
- Comparator
- open fielde7
- Setting
- humid coastal environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Cabbage Water Use Efficiency”
e0“in humid coastal environment”
e7“Brassica rapa under 70% shading recorded 49% higher water use efficiency than open field while, 50% shading recorded 50% more WUE than open field”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassica oleracea under 70% shading had 41% higher water use efficiency than in open field.
- Taxon
- Brassica oleraceaBrassica oleraceae2
- Treatment
- 70% shadinge2
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 41%e2
- Comparator
- open fielde2
- Setting
- humid coastal environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Cabbage Water Use Efficiency”
e0“in humid coastal environment”
e2“Brassica oleracea under 70% shading recorded 41% higher water use efficiency than open field, while 50% shading recorded 25% increase than open field”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassica oleracea under 50% shading had 25% higher water use efficiency than in open field.
- Taxon
- Brassica oleraceaBrassica oleraceae2
- Treatment
- 50% shadinge2
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 25%e2
- Comparator
- open fielde2
- Setting
- humid coastal environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Cabbage Water Use Efficiency”
e0“in humid coastal environment”
e2“Brassica oleracea under 70% shading recorded 41% higher water use efficiency than open field, while 50% shading recorded 25% increase than open field”
The same questions in other papers
shade · growth · Brassica rapa (field mustard)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
shade · nutrient: content · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.