Abstract
Our investigation of integrated biological control (IBC) started with an assay testing activity of the predacious yeast Saccharomycopsis crataegensis UFMG-DC19.2 against Penicillium digitatum LCP 4354, a very aggressive fungus that causes postharvest decay in oranges. Under unfavourable environmental conditions, the yeast showed a high potential for control (39.9% disease severity reduction) of this fungus. This result was decisive for the next step, in which S. crataegensis was tested in association with sodium bicarbonate salt, a generally regarded as safe (GRAS) substance. The yeast was able to survive at different concentrations of the salt (1%, 2% and 5%), and continued to grow for a week at the wound site, remaining viable at high population for 14 days on the fruit surface. The yeast alone reduced the severity of decay by 41.7% and sodium bicarbonate alone reduced severity of decay by 19.8%, whereas the application of both led to a delay in the development of symptoms from 2 to 10 days. Ingredients of the formulations were not aggressive to fruits since no lesions were produced in control experiments.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The yeast reduced orange disease severity by 39.9% in unfavorable conditions.
- Taxon
- orangest0
- Treatment
- the yeaste0
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatum LCP 4354
Penicillium digitatume1pathogen - Second interactor
- Saccharomycopsis crataegensis UFMG-DC19.2Saccharomycopsis crataegensise1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 39.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“oranges”
e0“Under unfavourable environmental conditions, the yeast showed a high potential for control (39.9% disease severity reduction) of this fungus”
e1“Saccharomycopsis crataegensis UFMG-DC19.2 against Penicillium digitatum LCP 4354”
Claim · model-written summary
The yeast survived at sodium bicarbonate concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 5%.
- Taxon
- S. crataegensisSaccharomycopsis crataegensise1
- Treatment
- sodium bicarbonate salte1
- Outcome
- survivee0
- Value
- 1%, 2% and 5%e0
Verbatim
t0“oranges”
e0“The yeast was able to survive at different concentrations of the salt (1%, 2% and 5%)”
e1“S. crataegensis was tested in association with sodium bicarbonate salt”
Claim · model-written summary
The yeast grew at the fruit wound site for one week.
- Taxon
- S. crataegensisSaccharomycopsis crataegensise1
- Organ / stage
- wound sitee0
- Outcome
- growe0
- Value
- a weeke0
Verbatim
t0“oranges”
e0“continued to grow for a week at the wound site”
e1“S. crataegensis was tested in association with sodium bicarbonate salt”
Claim · model-written summary
The yeast remained viable at high population on the fruit surface for 14 days.
- Taxon
- S. crataegensisSaccharomycopsis crataegensise1
- Organ / stage
- fruit surfacee0
- Outcome
- viable at high populatione0
- Value
- 14 dayse0
Verbatim
e0“remaining viable at high population for 14 days on the fruit surface”
e1“S. crataegensis was tested in association with sodium bicarbonate salt”
Claim · model-written summary
Yeast alone reduced orange decay severity by 41.7%.
- Taxon
- orangest0
- Treatment
- The yeast alonee0
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatum LCP 4354Penicillium digitatume1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Saccharomycopsis crataegensis UFMG-DC19.2Saccharomycopsis crataegensise1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- severity of decaye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 41.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“oranges”
e0“The yeast alone reduced the severity of decay by 41.7%”
e1“Saccharomycopsis crataegensis UFMG-DC19.2 against Penicillium digitatum LCP 4354”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium bicarbonate alone reduced orange decay severity by 19.8%.
- Taxon
- orangest0
- Treatment
- sodium bicarbonate alonee0
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatum LCP 4354Penicillium digitatume1pathogen
- Outcome
- severity of decaye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 19.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“oranges”
e0“sodium bicarbonate alone reduced severity of decay by 19.8%”
e1“Penicillium digitatum LCP 4354”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined yeast and bicarbonate delayed orange decay symptoms from 2 to 10 days.
- Taxon
- orangest0
- Treatment
- the application of bothe0
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatum LCP 4354Penicillium digitatume2pathogen
- Second interactor
- S. crataegensisSaccharomycopsis crataegensise1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- development of symptomse0
- Direction
- delaye0
- Value
- 2 to 10 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“oranges”
e0“the application of both led to a delay in the development of symptoms from 2 to 10 days”
e1“S. crataegensis was tested in association with sodium bicarbonate salt”
e2“Penicillium digitatum LCP 4354”
Claim · model-written summary
Formulation ingredients caused no lesions on control fruits.
Verbatim
t0“oranges”
e0“Ingredients of the formulations were not aggressive to fruits since no lesions were produced in control experiments”