Abstract
One of the main tasks of contemporary plant physiology is regulation of growth and development of cultivated plants in order to optimize the productive process. The scientific community focuses its attention on the use of natural activators and growth inhibitors. We investigated the effect of foliar treatment with 0.005% solution of gibberellic acid and 0.025% solution of the anti-gibberellic preparation tebuconazole on morphogenesis, leaf mesostructure, content of photosynthetic pigments, balance of endogenous phytobrybrides and lymphocyte B and productivity of tomatoes. The vegetation experiment was carried out in the conditions of soil-sand culture in vessels with a 10-liter volume. The treatment was carried out in the budding phase. Morphometric parameters were measured every 10 days. The mesostructure of the middle tier leaves was studied in the fruit formation phase, and the chlorophyll content was determined in the raw material by spectrophotometric method. Analytical determination of endogenous phytohormones – indolyl-3-acetic (IAA), gibberellic acid and abscisic (ABA) acids and cytokinins – zeatin (Z), zeatin-O-glucoside (ZG), zeatinribozide (Znila) and isopentenyladenosine (iPA) was performed by high performance liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). With gibberellic acid treatment plant height increased significantly, while with tebuconazole it decreased. Gibberellic acid increased the number of leaves per plant, and tebuconazole did not change it. The preparations increased the number of leaf blades per leaf, the total number of leaf blades per plant, the weight of the raw material of leaves, the area of leaf blades and the area of the leaves at the end of the study period. The dry matter weight of stems and roots under the action of gibberellic acid increased, and during the treatment of tebuconazole decreased. Gibberellic acid increased the dry matter of the whole plant, and tebuconazole did not change it. Under the action of tebuconazole the content of chlorophyll in the leaves increased, while under the action of gibberellic acid it decreased. Both regulators increased the volume of columnar parenchyma cells. Gibberellic acid increased the size of spongy parenchyma cells, while tebuconazole did not change them. It is revealed that the action of exogenous gibberellic acid in stems and leaves increased the content of endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid, and tebuconazole decreased their content. The ABA content in stems and leaves increased with tebuconazole treatments and decreased with exogenous gibberellic acid. The total cytokinin content in the leaves was higher than in the stems in both the control and the experiment samples. Growth regulators induced an increase in the cytokinin pool in leaves and a decrease in stems. Gibberellic acid increased the content of all five forms of cytokinins in the leaves, and tebuconazole increased only two isoforms. In the stems under the action of both growth regulators the content of Z decreased and iP increased. The content of ZR and iPA in stems increased after the application of the retardant and decreased under the action of growth stimulant. The ZG content exceeded the control after gibberellic acid treatment and was in trace concentrations under the action of tebuconazole. Growth regulators optimized the productivity of tomato plants: under the action of gibberellic acid there was a considerable increase in the number of fruits per plant, and after the use of tebuconazole the average weight of one fruit significantly increased. The obtained results demonstrated that anatomical-morphological and structural-functional rearrangements in tomato plants under the action of exogenous gibberellic acid and tebuconazole occurred against the background of changes in the balance and distribution of endogenous hormones. Increased photosynthetic activity, stimulation of growth processes of some plant organs and inhibition of others increased the biological crop capacity.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid increased plant height.
Solanum lycopersicumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With gibberellic acid treatment plant height increased significantly”
e1“plant height increased significantly”
e2“number of leaves per plant”
e3“dry matter weight of stems and roots”
e4“dry matter of the whole plant”
e5“content of chlorophyll in the leaves”
e6“size of spongy parenchyma cells”
e7“content of endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Tebuconazole decreased plant height.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while with tebuconazole it decreased.”
e1“plant height increased significantly”
e2“number of leaves per plant”
e3“dry matter weight of stems and roots”
e4“dry matter of the whole plant”
e5“content of chlorophyll in the leaves”
e6“size of spongy parenchyma cells”
e7“content of endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid increased leaf number.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gibberellic acid increased the number of leaves per plant”
e1“plant height increased significantly”
e2“number of leaves per plant”
e3“dry matter weight of stems and roots”
e4“dry matter of the whole plant”
e5“content of chlorophyll in the leaves”
e6“size of spongy parenchyma cells”
e7“content of endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Both regulators increased leaf blade number and leaf area.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The preparations increased the number of leaf blades per leaf, the total number of leaf blades per plant, the weight of the raw material of leaves, the area of leaf blades and the area of the leaves at the end of the study period.”
e1“plant height increased significantly”
e2“number of leaves per plant”
e3“dry matter weight of stems and roots”
e4“dry matter of the whole plant”
e5“content of chlorophyll in the leaves”
e6“size of spongy parenchyma cells”
e7“content of endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Both regulators increased leaf mass and area.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The preparations increased the number of leaf blades per leaf, the total number of leaf blades per plant, the weight of the raw material of leaves, the area of leaf blades and the area of the leaves at the end of the study period.”
e1“plant height increased significantly”
e2“number of leaves per plant”
e3“dry matter weight of stems and roots”
e4“dry matter of the whole plant”
e5“content of chlorophyll in the leaves”
e6“size of spongy parenchyma cells”
e7“content of endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid increased stem and root dry matter.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dry matter weight of stems and roots under the action of gibberellic acid increased”
e1“plant height increased significantly”
e2“number of leaves per plant”
e3“dry matter weight of stems and roots”
e4“dry matter of the whole plant”
e5“content of chlorophyll in the leaves”
e6“size of spongy parenchyma cells”
e7“content of endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Tebuconazole decreased stem and root dry matter.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“during the treatment of tebuconazole decreased.”
e1“plant height increased significantly”
e2“number of leaves per plant”
e3“dry matter weight of stems and roots”
e4“dry matter of the whole plant”
e5“content of chlorophyll in the leaves”
e6“size of spongy parenchyma cells”
e7“content of endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid increased whole-plant dry matter.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gibberellic acid increased the dry matter of the whole plant”
e1“plant height increased significantly”
e2“number of leaves per plant”
e3“dry matter weight of stems and roots”
e4“dry matter of the whole plant”
e5“content of chlorophyll in the leaves”
e6“size of spongy parenchyma cells”
e7“content of endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Tebuconazole did not change whole-plant dry matter.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and tebuconazole did not change it. Under the action of tebuconazole”
e1“plant height increased significantly”
e2“number of leaves per plant”
e3“dry matter weight of stems and roots”
e4“dry matter of the whole plant”
e5“content of chlorophyll in the leaves”
e6“size of spongy parenchyma cells”
e7“content of endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Tebuconazole increased leaf chlorophyll content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the action of tebuconazole the content of chlorophyll in the leaves increased”
e1“plant height increased significantly”
e2“number of leaves per plant”
e3“dry matter weight of stems and roots”
e4“dry matter of the whole plant”
e5“content of chlorophyll in the leaves”
e6“size of spongy parenchyma cells”
e7“content of endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid decreased leaf chlorophyll content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under the action of gibberellic acid it decreased.”
e1“plant height increased significantly”
e2“number of leaves per plant”
e3“dry matter weight of stems and roots”
e4“dry matter of the whole plant”
e5“content of chlorophyll in the leaves”
e6“size of spongy parenchyma cells”
e7“content of endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Both regulators increased columnar parenchyma cell volume.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both regulators increased the volume of columnar parenchyma cells.”
e1“plant height increased significantly”
e2“number of leaves per plant”
e3“dry matter weight of stems and roots”
e4“dry matter of the whole plant”
e5“content of chlorophyll in the leaves”
e6“size of spongy parenchyma cells”
e7“content of endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid increased spongy parenchyma cell size.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gibberellic acid increased the size of spongy parenchyma cells”
e1“plant height increased significantly”
e2“number of leaves per plant”
e3“dry matter weight of stems and roots”
e4“dry matter of the whole plant”
e5“content of chlorophyll in the leaves”
e6“size of spongy parenchyma cells”
e7“content of endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Tebuconazole did not change spongy parenchyma cell size.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tebuconazole did not change them.”
e1“plant height increased significantly”
e2“number of leaves per plant”
e3“dry matter weight of stems and roots”
e4“dry matter of the whole plant”
e5“content of chlorophyll in the leaves”
e6“size of spongy parenchyma cells”
e7“content of endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid raised endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid in stems and leaves.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous gibberellic acid in stems and leaves increased the content of endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid”
e1“plant height increased significantly”
e2“number of leaves per plant”
e3“dry matter weight of stems and roots”
e4“dry matter of the whole plant”
e5“content of chlorophyll in the leaves”
e6“size of spongy parenchyma cells”
e7“content of endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Tebuconazole lowered endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tebuconazole decreased their content.”
e1“plant height increased significantly”
e2“number of leaves per plant”
e3“dry matter weight of stems and roots”
e4“dry matter of the whole plant”
e5“content of chlorophyll in the leaves”
e6“size of spongy parenchyma cells”
e7“content of endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Tebuconazole increased ABA in stems and leaves; gibberellic acid decreased it.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ABA content in stems and leaves increased with tebuconazole treatments and decreased with exogenous gibberellic acid.”
e1“plant height increased significantly”
e2“number of leaves per plant”
e3“dry matter weight of stems and roots”
e4“dry matter of the whole plant”
e5“content of chlorophyll in the leaves”
e6“size of spongy parenchyma cells”
e7“content of endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Regulators increased leaf cytokinin pools and decreased stem pools.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth regulators induced an increase in the cytokinin pool in leaves and a decrease in stems.”
e1“plant height increased significantly”
e2“number of leaves per plant”
e3“dry matter weight of stems and roots”
e4“dry matter of the whole plant”
e5“content of chlorophyll in the leaves”
e6“size of spongy parenchyma cells”
e7“content of endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid increased fruit number, while tebuconazole increased mean fruit weight.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under the action of gibberellic acid there was a considerable increase in the number of fruits per plant, and after the use of tebuconazole the average weight of one fruit significantly increased.”
e1“plant height increased significantly”
e2“number of leaves per plant”
e3“dry matter weight of stems and roots”
e4“dry matter of the whole plant”
e5“content of chlorophyll in the leaves”
e6“size of spongy parenchyma cells”
e7“content of endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid”
t0“tomatoes”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
79 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
83 papers more in this group
See all 87 papers →tebuconazole · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.