Abstract
BACKGROUND: The study of ethno-botanical is important in different sectors like medical and agriculture so the discovery, exploration and documentation of such plants is necessary. This research assessed the phytochemicals present in the selected plants and studied their allelopathic effect on germination, radicle length, and plumule length of bean and radish seeds. METHODOLOGY: The research was conducted in the Agroecology lab of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences (IAAS )Paklihawa. Six plants such as Camellia sinensis, Zanthoxylum armatum, Amomum subulatum, Eupatorium glandulosum, Cymbopogan flexuosus, and Rhododendron arboreum were selected and collected from different districts of Nepal. The collected plant parts were dried, powdered, and aqueous extract was used to screen some secondary metabolites. Six treatments @ 10% aqueous concentration of extracts including control were applied in bean and radish seeds in CRD format along with 3 replications to study their allelopathic effect. KEY FINDINGS: Glycoside was detected in all the extracts, and alkaloid was also detected in all the extracts except in the extract of Rhododendron arboreum. Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins were found highest in Eupatorium glandulosum leaves (5.2%), Camellia sinensis (1.4%), Cymbopogan flexuosus (7.03%), and Camellia sinensis (2.12%) respectively. The reading of germination rate for bean and radish seeds was found lowest in Camellia sinensis extract and Eupatorium glandulosum extracts respectively. Average length of radicle and plumule of both bean and radish seeds was found highest in the extract of Rhododendron arboreum and least in an extract of Eupatorium glandulosum. CONCLUSION: In conclusion the selected plants possess many secondary metabolites that inhibited the development of the bean and radish seeds to grow vigorously hence upon further research and trial, these plants could be a wonderful source of herbicides to suppress the growth of unwanted weeds in the field.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Glycoside was detected in all extracts.
Verbatim
e0“Glycoside was detected in all the extracts”
t0“SELECTED PLANTS”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaloid was detected in all extracts except Rhododendron arboreum.
- Taxon
- Rhododendron arboreum
.jpg?width=60)
Rhododendron arboreume0 - Outcome
- alkaloid was also detected in all the extracts except in the extract of Rhododendron arboreume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“alkaloid was also detected in all the extracts except in the extract of Rhododendron arboreum.”
Claim · model-written summary
Eupatorium glandulosum leaves had the highest alkaloid concentration, 5.2%.
- Taxon
- Eupatorium glandulosum
_2.jpg?width=60)
Ageratina adenophorae0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- Alkaloidse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.2%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins were found highest in Eupatorium glandulosum leaves (5.2%), Camellia sinensis (1.4%), Cymbopogan flexuosus (7.03%), and Camellia sinensis (2.12%) respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Camellia sinensis had the highest flavonoid concentration, 1.4%.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis
Camellia sinensise0 - Outcome
- flavonoidse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.4%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins were found highest in Eupatorium glandulosum leaves (5.2%), Camellia sinensis (1.4%), Cymbopogan flexuosus (7.03%), and Camellia sinensis (2.12%) respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cymbopogan flexuosus had the highest terpenoid concentration, 7.03%.
Verbatim
e0“Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins were found highest in Eupatorium glandulosum leaves (5.2%), Camellia sinensis (1.4%), Cymbopogan flexuosus (7.03%), and Camellia sinensis (2.12%) respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Camellia sinensis had the highest saponin concentration, 2.12%.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensise0
- Outcome
- saponinse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.12%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins were found highest in Eupatorium glandulosum leaves (5.2%), Camellia sinensis (1.4%), Cymbopogan flexuosus (7.03%), and Camellia sinensis (2.12%) respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean seed germination was lowest with Camellia sinensis extract.
- Taxon
- beane0
- Treatment
- Camellia sinensis extracte0
- Interactor
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensise0other
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reading of germination rate for bean and radish seeds was found lowest in Camellia sinensis extract and Eupatorium glandulosum extracts respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Radish seed germination was lowest with Eupatorium glandulosum extract.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativuse0 - Treatment
- Eupatorium glandulosum extractse0
- Interactor
- Eupatorium glandulosumAgeratina adenophorae0other
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reading of germination rate for bean and radish seeds was found lowest in Camellia sinensis extract and Eupatorium glandulosum extracts respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean radicle and plumule lengths were greatest under Rhododendron arboreum extract.
- Taxon
- beane0
- Treatment
- extract of Rhododendron arboreume0
- Interactor
- Rhododendron arboreumRhododendron arboreume0other
- Outcome
- length of radicle and plumulee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average length of radicle and plumule of both bean and radish seeds was found highest in the extract of Rhododendron arboreum and least in an extract of Eupatorium glandulosum.”
Claim · model-written summary
Radish radicle and plumule lengths were greatest under Rhododendron arboreum extract.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- extract of Rhododendron arboreume0
- Interactor
- Rhododendron arboreumRhododendron arboreume0other
- Outcome
- length of radicle and plumulee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average length of radicle and plumule of both bean and radish seeds was found highest in the extract of Rhododendron arboreum and least in an extract of Eupatorium glandulosum.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean radicle and plumule lengths were shortest under Eupatorium glandulosum extract.
- Taxon
- beane0
- Treatment
- extract of Eupatorium glandulosume0
- Interactor
- Eupatorium glandulosumAgeratina adenophorae0other
- Outcome
- length of radicle and plumulee0
- Direction
- leaste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average length of radicle and plumule of both bean and radish seeds was found highest in the extract of Rhododendron arboreum and least in an extract of Eupatorium glandulosum.”
Claim · model-written summary
Radish radicle and plumule lengths were shortest under Eupatorium glandulosum extract.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- extract of Eupatorium glandulosume0
- Interactor
- Eupatorium glandulosumAgeratina adenophorae0other
- Outcome
- length of radicle and plumulee0
- Direction
- leaste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average length of radicle and plumule of both bean and radish seeds was found highest in the extract of Rhododendron arboreum and least in an extract of Eupatorium glandulosum.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest the extracts may be developed as herbicides after further trials.
Verbatim
e0“upon further research and trial, these plants could be a wonderful source of herbicides to suppress the growth of unwanted weeds in the field.”
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