Paper · 1970 · Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science

The Influence of Growth Regulators and Temperature on Flowering of Seed Propagated Geraniums1

William J. Carpenter; William H. Carlson

11
claims
22
verbatim quotes
6
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-nc-nd

Abstract

Abstract The influence of B-Nine (2500 ppm), F 529 (1250 ppm), TIBA (250 ppm), IAA (100 ppm), Ethrel (1000 ppm), Cycocel spray (1475 ppm) and soil drench (2950 ppm) were investigated on seed propagated geranium, cv. ‘Carefree Scarlet’. IAA had no effect on date of flowering, plant height or branching, but TIBA sprayed plants flowered significantly earlier and Ethrel sprays significantly delayed it. Both TIBA and Ethrel sprays reduced geranium height at flowering and stimulated branching. A Cycocel soil drench caused earlier flowering, but sprays had no effect on flowering. In growth chambers with 12-hour light periods of 75 F and 12-hour dark periods of 70 F, 60 F, or 50 F, earliest flowering was at 70 F with 5 and 15 days delays at 60 F and 50 F. The number of nodes of terminal stems at flowering increased from 14 at 70 F to 16 at 60 F and 17 at 50 F night temperatures.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 11

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

IAA had no effect on flowering date, height or branching.

Taxon
geraniumGeraniumt0
Treatment
IAAe0
Outcome
date of flowering, plant height or branchinge0
Direction
no effecte0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Geranium
Geranium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“IAA had no effect on date of flowering, plant height or branching”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 236–301 · show in text ↑
t0

“Geraniums”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–92 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

TIBA sprays advanced flowering significantly.

Taxon
geraniumGeraniumt0
Treatment
TIBAe0
Outcome
flowerede0
Direction
earliere0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Geranium
Geranium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“TIBA sprayed plants flowered significantly earlier”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 307–357 · show in text ↑
t0

“Geraniums”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–92 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Ethrel sprays delayed flowering significantly.

Taxon
geraniumGeraniumt0
Treatment
Ethrel sprayse0
Outcome
delayed ite0
Direction
delayede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Geranium
Geranium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Ethrel sprays significantly delayed it”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 362–400 · show in text ↑
t0

“Geraniums”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–92 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

TIBA sprays reduced geranium height and stimulated branching.

Taxon
geraniumGeraniumt0
Treatment
TIBAe0
Outcome
geranium height at flowering and stimulated branchinge0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Geranium
Geranium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Both TIBA and Ethrel sprays reduced geranium height at flowering and stimulated branching.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 402–492 · show in text ↑
t0

“Geraniums”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–92 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ethrel sprays reduced geranium height and stimulated branching.

Taxon
geraniumGeraniumt0
Treatment
Ethrel sprayse0
Outcome
geranium height at flowering and stimulated branchinge0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Geranium
Geranium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Both TIBA and Ethrel sprays reduced geranium height at flowering and stimulated branching.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 402–492 · show in text ↑
t0

“Geraniums”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–92 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A Cycocel soil drench advanced flowering.

Taxon
geraniumGeraniumt0
Treatment
Cycocel soil drenche0
Outcome
floweringe0
Direction
earliere0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Geranium
Geranium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“A Cycocel soil drench caused earlier flowering”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 493–539 · show in text ↑
t0

“Geraniums”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–92 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cycocel sprays had no effect on flowering.

Taxon
geraniumGeraniumt0
Treatment
sprayse0
Outcome
floweringe0
Direction
no effecte0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Geranium
Geranium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“sprays had no effect on flowering.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 545–579 · show in text ↑
t0

“Geraniums”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–92 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Night temperature of 60 F delayed flowering five days relative to 70 F.

Taxon
geraniumGeraniumt0
Treatment
60 Fe0
Outcome
floweringe0
Direction
delayse0
Value
5 dayse0
Comparator
70 Fe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Geranium
Geranium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“earliest flowering was at 70 F with 5 and 15 days delays at 60 F and 50 F.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 683–757 · show in text ↑
t0

“Geraniums”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–92 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Night temperature of 50 F delayed flowering 15 days relative to 70 F.

Taxon
geraniumGeraniumt0
Treatment
50 Fe0
Outcome
floweringe0
Direction
delayse0
Value
15 dayse0
Comparator
70 Fe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Geranium
Geranium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“earliest flowering was at 70 F with 5 and 15 days delays at 60 F and 50 F.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 683–757 · show in text ↑
t0

“Geraniums”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–92 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Terminal stem node count increased from 14 at 70 F to 16 at 60 F.

Taxon
geraniumGeraniumt0
Treatment
60 Fe0
Outcome
number of nodes of terminal stems at floweringe0
Direction
increasede0
Value
16e0
Comparator
70 Fe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Geranium
Geranium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The number of nodes of terminal stems at flowering increased from 14 at 70 F to 16 at 60 F and 17 at 50 F night temperatures.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 758–883 · show in text ↑
t0

“Geraniums”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–92 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Terminal stem node count increased from 14 at 70 F to 17 at 50 F.

Taxon
geraniumGeraniumt0
Treatment
50 Fe0
Outcome
number of nodes of terminal stems at floweringe0
Direction
increasede0
Value
17e0
Comparator
70 Fe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Geranium
Geranium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The number of nodes of terminal stems at flowering increased from 14 at 70 F to 16 at 60 F and 17 at 50 F night temperatures.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 758–883 · show in text ↑
t0

“Geraniums”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–92 · show in text ↑

application · phenology · GeraniumPositive and negative results

5 papers: 2 positive, 3 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

1 paper more in this group

See all 5 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.