Abstract
Background: Soil is important medium of all living beings. Due to the high doses of fertilizers application soil heath is getting deteriorated. Soil fertility variation restricts efficient fertilizer N management when broad based blanket recommendations are used in maize (Zea mays L.). Site-specific fertilizer nitrogen management (SSNM) could be the best management option to avoid excessive and untimely nitrogen (N) applications in maize. Methods: A field experiment was conducted at agronomy Farm, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara during kharif season of 2020 and 2021 to study the nitrogen management using leaf colour chart (LCC) and chlorophyll meter in maize (Zea mays L.). Colour (of the first top maize leaf with fully exposed collar) as measured by comparison with different shades of green colour on a leaf colour chart (LCC) and also by SPAD meter. Need based fertilizer application at LCC5 and SPAD 50 significantly improved growth and yield attributes viz., plant height, dry matter accumulation plant-1, number of leaves plant-1, stem diameter, number of internodes plant-1, leaf area index, cob length, cob girth, number of cobs plant-1, number of grains cob-1, grain weight plant-1 and 1000-grain weight along with higher grain and stover yields, grain protein content over fixed time application of 1200 kg N ha-1. Result: Evaluation of the established threshold leaf greenness revealed that fertilizer N management using LCC 5 and SPAD 50 starting from six-leaf stage to before silking stage resulted in improved agronomic efficiency in maize. There was no response to fertilizer N application at silking stage. The study concluded that in maize, fertilizer N can be more efficiently managed by applying fertilizer N dose based on leaf colour as measured by LCC than blanket recommendation.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
LCC 5 and SPAD 50 nitrogen application improved maize growth traits over fixed-time nitrogen application.
- Treatment
- Need based fertilizer application at LCC5 and SPAD 50e0
- Outcome
- plant height, dry matter accumulation plant-1, number of leaves plant-1e0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- fixed time application of 1200 kg N ha-1e0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Need based fertilizer application at LCC5 and SPAD 50 significantly improved growth and yield attributes viz., plant height, dry matter accumulation plant-1, number of leaves plant-1, stem diameter, number of internodes plant-1, leaf area index, cob length, cob girth, number of cobs plant-1, number of grains cob-1, grain weight plant-1 and 1000-grain weight along with higher grain and stover yields, grain protein content over fixed time application of 1200 kg N ha-1.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
LCC 5 and SPAD 50 nitrogen application improved maize stem, leaf and cob traits over fixed-time application.
- Treatment
- Need based fertilizer application at LCC5 and SPAD 50e0
- Outcome
- stem diameter, number of internodes plant-1, leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- fixed time application of 1200 kg N ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Need based fertilizer application at LCC5 and SPAD 50 significantly improved growth and yield attributes viz., plant height, dry matter accumulation plant-1, number of leaves plant-1, stem diameter, number of internodes plant-1, leaf area index, cob length, cob girth, number of cobs plant-1, number of grains cob-1, grain weight plant-1 and 1000-grain weight along with higher grain and stover yields, grain protein content over fixed time application of 1200 kg N ha-1.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
LCC 5 and SPAD 50 nitrogen application improved maize cob dimensions and number over fixed-time application.
- Treatment
- Need based fertilizer application at LCC5 and SPAD 50e0
- Outcome
- cob length, cob girth, number of cobs plant-1e0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- fixed time application of 1200 kg N ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Need based fertilizer application at LCC5 and SPAD 50 significantly improved growth and yield attributes viz., plant height, dry matter accumulation plant-1, number of leaves plant-1, stem diameter, number of internodes plant-1, leaf area index, cob length, cob girth, number of cobs plant-1, number of grains cob-1, grain weight plant-1 and 1000-grain weight along with higher grain and stover yields, grain protein content over fixed time application of 1200 kg N ha-1.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
LCC 5 and SPAD 50 nitrogen application improved maize grain components over fixed-time application.
- Treatment
- Need based fertilizer application at LCC5 and SPAD 50e0
- Outcome
- number of grains cob-1, grain weight plant-1 and 1000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- fixed time application of 1200 kg N ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Need based fertilizer application at LCC5 and SPAD 50 significantly improved growth and yield attributes viz., plant height, dry matter accumulation plant-1, number of leaves plant-1, stem diameter, number of internodes plant-1, leaf area index, cob length, cob girth, number of cobs plant-1, number of grains cob-1, grain weight plant-1 and 1000-grain weight along with higher grain and stover yields, grain protein content over fixed time application of 1200 kg N ha-1.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
LCC 5 and SPAD 50 nitrogen application raised maize grain and stover yields over fixed-time application.
- Treatment
- Need based fertilizer application at LCC5 and SPAD 50e0
- Outcome
- grain and stover yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- fixed time application of 1200 kg N ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Need based fertilizer application at LCC5 and SPAD 50 significantly improved growth and yield attributes viz., plant height, dry matter accumulation plant-1, number of leaves plant-1, stem diameter, number of internodes plant-1, leaf area index, cob length, cob girth, number of cobs plant-1, number of grains cob-1, grain weight plant-1 and 1000-grain weight along with higher grain and stover yields, grain protein content over fixed time application of 1200 kg N ha-1.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
LCC 5 and SPAD 50 nitrogen application improved maize grain protein content over fixed-time application.
- Treatment
- Need based fertilizer application at LCC5 and SPAD 50e0
- Outcome
- grain protein contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- fixed time application of 1200 kg N ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Need based fertilizer application at LCC5 and SPAD 50 significantly improved growth and yield attributes viz., plant height, dry matter accumulation plant-1, number of leaves plant-1, stem diameter, number of internodes plant-1, leaf area index, cob length, cob girth, number of cobs plant-1, number of grains cob-1, grain weight plant-1 and 1000-grain weight along with higher grain and stover yields, grain protein content over fixed time application of 1200 kg N ha-1.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
LCC 5 and SPAD 50 nitrogen management from six-leaf stage to before silking improved agronomic efficiency in maize.
- Treatment
- fertilizer N management using LCC 5 and SPAD 50e0
- Outcome
- agronomic efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- starting from six-leaf stage to before silking stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fertilizer N management using LCC 5 and SPAD 50 starting from six-leaf stage to before silking stage resulted in improved agronomic efficiency in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize showed no response to fertilizer nitrogen applied at silking.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no response to fertilizer N application at silking stage.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend leaf-colour-based nitrogen dosing over blanket recommendation for more efficient maize nitrogen management.
- Outcome
- applying fertilizer N dose based on leaf colour as measured by LCCe0
- Direction
- more efficientlye0
- Comparator
- blanket recommendatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in maize, fertilizer N can be more efficiently managed by applying fertilizer N dose based on leaf colour as measured by LCC than blanket recommendation”
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