Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination of paddy soil affects safe crop production. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of plant biostimulant amino acid fertilizer on the phytoremediation capability of an emergent accumulator plant Nasturtium officinale R. Br. for Cd-contaminated paddy soils. A pot study was carried out to study the effects of different concentrations of amino acid fertilizer on the Cd accumulation of N. officinale grown in Cd-contaminated paddy soil. The amino acid fertilizer increased the biomass of N. officinale . The amino acid fertilizer concentration exhibited a quadratic polynomial regression relationship with the root and shoot biomass. The fertilizer also increased the photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll and carotenoid) contents, peroxidase (POD; EC 1.11.1.7) activity, and catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) activity of N. officinale , but decreased the soluble protein content and had no significant effect on the superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) activity. Furthermore, the amino acid fertilizer increased the Cd content and Cd extraction of N. officinale . The shoot Cd extraction increased by 29.06%, 63.05%, 77.22%, and 17.40% at 1500-, 1200-, 900-, and 600-fold dilutions of the amino acid fertilizer, respectively, compared with the control. Moreover, the amino acid fertilizer promoted the Cd transport from the roots to shoots of N. officinale . The amino acid fertilizer concentration also exhibited a quadratic polynomial regression relationship with the root Cd content, shoot Cd content, root Cd extraction, and shoot Cd extraction, respectively. The correlation, grey relational, and path analyses revealed that the root biomass, shoot biomass, chlorophyll content, catalase activity, shoot Cd content, and root Cd extraction were closely associated with the shoot Cd extraction. Therefore, the amino acid fertilizer can promote Cd uptake and improve the phytoremediation capability of N. officinale to remediate Cd-contaminated paddy soils, and 900-fold dilution is the most suitable concentration.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
The amino acid fertilizer increased the biomass of Nasturtium officinale in a pot study.
- Taxon
- N. officinale
Nasturtium officinalee1 - Treatment
- amino acid fertilizere1
- Outcome
- biomasse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- pot studye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The amino acid fertilizer increased the biomass of N. officinale”
e0“A pot study was carried out to study the effects of different concentrations of amino acid fertilizer on the Cd accumulation of N. officinale grown in Cd-contaminated paddy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
The amino acid fertilizer concentration showed a quadratic polynomial regression relationship with root and shoot biomass of Nasturtium officinale.
- Taxon
- N. officinaleNasturtium officinalee1
- Treatment
- amino acid fertilizer concentratione2
- Outcome
- root and shoot biomasse2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The amino acid fertilizer concentration exhibited a quadratic polynomial regression relationship with the root and shoot biomass”
e1“The amino acid fertilizer increased the biomass of N. officinale”
Claim · model-written summary
The fertilizer increased the photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll and carotenoid) contents of Nasturtium officinale.
- Taxon
- N. officinaleNasturtium officinalee1
- Treatment
- fertilizere1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll and carotenoid) contentse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- pot studye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The fertilizer also increased the photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll and carotenoid) contents, peroxidase (POD; EC 1.11.1.7) activity, and catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) activity of N. officinale”
e0“A pot study was carried out to study the effects of different concentrations of amino acid fertilizer on the Cd accumulation of N. officinale grown in Cd-contaminated paddy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
The fertilizer increased peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity of Nasturtium officinale.
- Taxon
- N. officinaleNasturtium officinalee1
- Treatment
- fertilizere1
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POD; EC 1.11.1.7) activity, and catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) activitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- pot studye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The fertilizer also increased the photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll and carotenoid) contents, peroxidase (POD; EC 1.11.1.7) activity, and catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) activity of N. officinale”
e0“A pot study was carried out to study the effects of different concentrations of amino acid fertilizer on the Cd accumulation of N. officinale grown in Cd-contaminated paddy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
The amino acid fertilizer decreased the soluble protein content of Nasturtium officinale.
- Taxon
- N. officinaleNasturtium officinalee0
- Treatment
- amino acid fertilizere0
- Outcome
- soluble protein contente4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Setting
- pot studye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“but decreased the soluble protein content and had no significant effect on the superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) activity”
e0“A pot study was carried out to study the effects of different concentrations of amino acid fertilizer on the Cd accumulation of N. officinale grown in Cd-contaminated paddy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
The amino acid fertilizer had no significant effect on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of Nasturtium officinale.
- Taxon
- N. officinaleNasturtium officinalee0
- Treatment
- amino acid fertilizere0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) activitye4
- Direction
- no significant effecte4
- Setting
- pot studye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“but decreased the soluble protein content and had no significant effect on the superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) activity”
e0“A pot study was carried out to study the effects of different concentrations of amino acid fertilizer on the Cd accumulation of N. officinale grown in Cd-contaminated paddy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1500-fold dilution, the amino acid fertilizer increased shoot Cd extraction of Nasturtium officinale by 29.06% relative to the control.
- Taxon
- N. officinaleNasturtium officinalee0
- Treatment
- amino acid fertilizere5
- Outcome
- shoot Cd extractione5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 29.06%e5
- Qualifier
- 1500-e5
- Comparator
- controle5
- Setting
- pot studye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The shoot Cd extraction increased by 29.06%, 63.05%, 77.22%, and 17.40% at 1500-, 1200-, 900-, and 600-fold dilutions of the amino acid fertilizer, respectively, compared with the control”
e0“A pot study was carried out to study the effects of different concentrations of amino acid fertilizer on the Cd accumulation of N. officinale grown in Cd-contaminated paddy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1200-fold dilution, the amino acid fertilizer increased shoot Cd extraction of Nasturtium officinale by 63.05% relative to the control.
- Taxon
- N. officinaleNasturtium officinalee0
- Treatment
- amino acid fertilizere5
- Outcome
- shoot Cd extractione5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 63.05%e5
- Qualifier
- 1200-e5
- Comparator
- controle5
- Setting
- pot studye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The shoot Cd extraction increased by 29.06%, 63.05%, 77.22%, and 17.40% at 1500-, 1200-, 900-, and 600-fold dilutions of the amino acid fertilizer, respectively, compared with the control”
e0“A pot study was carried out to study the effects of different concentrations of amino acid fertilizer on the Cd accumulation of N. officinale grown in Cd-contaminated paddy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
At 900-fold dilution, the amino acid fertilizer increased shoot Cd extraction of Nasturtium officinale by 77.22% relative to the control.
- Taxon
- N. officinaleNasturtium officinalee0
- Treatment
- amino acid fertilizere5
- Outcome
- shoot Cd extractione5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 77.22%e5
- Qualifier
- 900-e5
- Comparator
- controle5
- Setting
- pot studye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The shoot Cd extraction increased by 29.06%, 63.05%, 77.22%, and 17.40% at 1500-, 1200-, 900-, and 600-fold dilutions of the amino acid fertilizer, respectively, compared with the control”
e0“A pot study was carried out to study the effects of different concentrations of amino acid fertilizer on the Cd accumulation of N. officinale grown in Cd-contaminated paddy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
At 600-fold dilution, the amino acid fertilizer increased shoot Cd extraction of Nasturtium officinale by 17.40% relative to the control.
- Taxon
- N. officinaleNasturtium officinalee0
- Treatment
- amino acid fertilizere5
- Outcome
- shoot Cd extractione5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 17.40%e5
- Qualifier
- 600-e5
- Comparator
- controle5
- Setting
- pot studye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The shoot Cd extraction increased by 29.06%, 63.05%, 77.22%, and 17.40% at 1500-, 1200-, 900-, and 600-fold dilutions of the amino acid fertilizer, respectively, compared with the control”
e0“A pot study was carried out to study the effects of different concentrations of amino acid fertilizer on the Cd accumulation of N. officinale grown in Cd-contaminated paddy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
The amino acid fertilizer increased Cd content and Cd extraction of Nasturtium officinale.
- Taxon
- N. officinaleNasturtium officinalee1
- Treatment
- amino acid fertilizere1
- Outcome
- Cd content and Cd extractione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- pot studye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Furthermore, the amino acid fertilizer increased the Cd content and Cd extraction of N. officinale”
e0“A pot study was carried out to study the effects of different concentrations of amino acid fertilizer on the Cd accumulation of N. officinale grown in Cd-contaminated paddy soil”
Claim · model-written summary
The amino acid fertilizer promoted Cd transport from the roots to the shoots of Nasturtium officinale.
- Taxon
- N. officinaleNasturtium officinalee1
- Treatment
- amino acid fertilizere1
- Outcome
- Cd transport from the roots to shootse1
- Direction
- promotede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Moreover, the amino acid fertilizer promoted the Cd transport from the roots to shoots of N. officinale”
Claim · model-written summary
The amino acid fertilizer concentration showed a quadratic polynomial relationship with root Cd content, shoot Cd content and root Cd extraction of Nasturtium officinale.
- Taxon
- N. officinaleNasturtium officinalee1
- Treatment
- amino acid fertilizer concentratione0
- Outcome
- root Cd content, shoot Cd content, root Cd extractione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amino acid fertilizer concentration also exhibited a quadratic polynomial regression relationship with the root Cd content, shoot Cd content, root Cd extraction, and shoot Cd extraction, respectively”
e1“The amino acid fertilizer increased the biomass of N. officinale”
Claim · model-written summary
The amino acid fertilizer concentration showed a quadratic polynomial relationship with shoot Cd extraction of Nasturtium officinale.
- Taxon
- N. officinaleNasturtium officinalee1
- Treatment
- amino acid fertilizer concentratione0
- Outcome
- shoot Cd extractione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amino acid fertilizer concentration also exhibited a quadratic polynomial regression relationship with the root Cd content, shoot Cd content, root Cd extraction, and shoot Cd extraction, respectively”
e1“The amino acid fertilizer increased the biomass of N. officinale”
Claim · model-written summary
Root biomass, shoot biomass and chlorophyll content were closely associated with shoot Cd extraction of Nasturtium officinale in correlation, grey relational and path analyses.
- Taxon
- N. officinaleNasturtium officinalee1
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- shoot Cd extractione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The correlation, grey relational, and path analyses revealed that the root biomass, shoot biomass, chlorophyll content, catalase activity, shoot Cd content, and root Cd extraction were closely associated with the shoot Cd extraction”
e1“The amino acid fertilizer increased the biomass of N. officinale”
Claim · model-written summary
Catalase activity, shoot Cd content and root Cd extraction were closely associated with shoot Cd extraction of Nasturtium officinale in correlation, grey relational and path analyses.
- Taxon
- N. officinaleNasturtium officinalee1
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- shoot Cd extractione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The correlation, grey relational, and path analyses revealed that the root biomass, shoot biomass, chlorophyll content, catalase activity, shoot Cd content, and root Cd extraction were closely associated with the shoot Cd extraction”
e1“The amino acid fertilizer increased the biomass of N. officinale”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend a 900-fold dilution of the amino acid fertilizer as the most suitable concentration for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated paddy soil by Nasturtium officinale.
- Taxon
- N. officinaleNasturtium officinalee0
- Treatment
- amino acid fertilizere0
- Outcome
- 900-fold dilutione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Therefore, the amino acid fertilizer can promote Cd uptake and improve the phytoremediation capability of N. officinale to remediate Cd-contaminated paddy soils, and 900-fold dilution is the most suitable concentration”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.