Abstract
Background: In recent years, there has been a growing scientific interest in the biodiversity and function of endophytic bacteria, as well as the prospects for their practical use. Objective: The purpose of this work was to isolate endophytic microorganisms from generative organs of the European black nightshade ( Solanum nigrum L.), assess their biological activity, and test their growth-promoting/protective effects in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants. Methods: From the tissues of generative organs of S. nigrum plants, 14 strains of endophytic microorganisms were isolated. Most of them belonged to Bacillus sp. The physiological and biochemical properties and enzymatic and oxidative metabolism of some of them were studied. Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA fragments revealed 99,65% similarity of BA1s-OSN-0820 and BAXS-OSN-0820 isolates to B. amyloliquefaciens strains, while the ITS sequence of the RHC-OSN-0820 isolate showed 99,65% of similarity to Rhodotorula kratochvilovae. Results: The actions of these endophytes against tomato pathogenic bacteria and fungi were then tested. The isolates had a significant bacteriostatic effect against Xanthomonas campestris, the causative agent of black bacterial spotting of leaf, and Clavibacter michiganensis, the causative agent of bacterial wilt, with a lower effect against Pseudomonas syringae, the causative agent of bacterial spotting. Isolates also showed selectivity against micromycetes that cause mycosis in tomatoes grown indoors, such as Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and F. acuminatum . In particular, the highest antifungal activity was detected against S. sclerotiorum and fungi of the Fusarium genus. Inoculation of tomatoes with endophytic microorganisms revealed a positive effect on seed germination efficiency and the stimulation of seedling growth. Thus, the effectiveness of interspecific transfer of endophytic microorganisms from a wild, S. nigrum, to a cultivated Solanum species, S. lycopersicum, was reported. Conclusion: A consortium of plant-associated microorganisms isolated from a wild relative has a positive effect on the germination of tomato seeds, stimulating the formation of the root system and nutrition of seedlings. The antagonism of the isolates against phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria provides long-term protection during the most critical stages of plant development and has prospects for the development of microbial biologics for cultivated plants of the Solanaceae family.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Fourteen strains of endophytic microorganisms were isolated from generative organs of S. nigrum.
- Taxon
- S. nigrum
_Solanum_nigrum_3.jpg?width=60)
Solanum nigrume0 - Organ / stage
- generative organse0
- Interactor
- endophytic microorganismse0symbiont
- Outcome
- endophytic microorganismse0
- Value
- 14 strainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Solanum_nigrum_3.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“From the tissues of generative organs of S. nigrum plants, 14 strains of endophytic microorganisms were isolated”
Claim · model-written summary
Most of the isolates from S. nigrum belonged to Bacillus sp.
- Taxon
- S. nigrumSolanum nigrume0
- Outcome
- belonged to Bacillus sp.e1
- Qualifier
- Most of theme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“From the tissues of generative organs of S. nigrum plants, 14 strains of endophytic microorganisms were isolated”
e1“Most of them belonged to Bacillus sp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolates BA1s-OSN-0820 and BAXS-OSN-0820 showed 99,65% 16S rRNA similarity to B. amyloliquefaciens strains.
- Taxon
- S. nigrumSolanum nigrume0
- Interactor
- BA1s-OSN-0820e1symbiont
- Second interactor
- BAXS-OSN-0820e1symbiont
- Outcome
- similaritye1
- Value
- 99,65%e1
- Comparator
- B. amyloliquefaciens strainse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“From the tissues of generative organs of S. nigrum plants, 14 strains of endophytic microorganisms were isolated”
e1“Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA fragments revealed 99,65% similarity of BA1s-OSN-0820 and BAXS-OSN-0820 isolates to B. amyloliquefaciens strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolate RHC-OSN-0820 showed 99,65% ITS similarity to Rhodotorula kratochvilovae.
- Taxon
- S. nigrumSolanum nigrume0
- Interactor
- RHC-OSN-0820e1symbiont
- Outcome
- similaritye1
- Value
- 99,65%e1
- Comparator
- Rhodotorula kratochvilovaee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“From the tissues of generative organs of S. nigrum plants, 14 strains of endophytic microorganisms were isolated”
e1“while the ITS sequence of the RHC-OSN-0820 isolate showed 99,65% of similarity to Rhodotorula kratochvilovae”
Claim · model-written summary
The endophytes had a significant bacteriostatic effect against Xanthomonas campestris, causal agent of black bacterial spotting of leaf, in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- these endophytese0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas campestris
_(25868012152).jpg?width=60)
Xanthomonas campestrise1pathogen - Second interactor
- these endophytese0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- bacteriostatic effecte1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(25868012152).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The actions of these endophytes against tomato pathogenic bacteria and fungi were then tested”
e1“The isolates had a significant bacteriostatic effect against Xanthomonas campestris, the causative agent of black bacterial spotting of leaf, and Clavibacter michiganensis, the causative agent of bacterial wilt”
Claim · model-written summary
The endophytes had a significant bacteriostatic effect against Clavibacter michiganensis, causal agent of bacterial wilt, in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- these endophytese0
- Interactor
- Clavibacter michiganensis
Clavibacter michiganensise1pathogen - Second interactor
- these endophytese0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- bacteriostatic effecte1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The actions of these endophytes against tomato pathogenic bacteria and fungi were then tested”
e1“The isolates had a significant bacteriostatic effect against Xanthomonas campestris, the causative agent of black bacterial spotting of leaf, and Clavibacter michiganensis, the causative agent of bacterial wilt”
Claim · model-written summary
The endophytes had a lower effect against Pseudomonas syringae, causal agent of bacterial spotting, in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- these endophytese0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee1pathogen - Second interactor
- these endophytese0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- effect against Pseudomonas syringaee1
- Direction
- lowere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The actions of these endophytes against tomato pathogenic bacteria and fungi were then tested”
e1“with a lower effect against Pseudomonas syringae, the causative agent of bacterial spotting”
Claim · model-written summary
The isolates showed selectivity against micromycetes causing mycosis in tomatoes grown indoors.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Isolatese0
- Interactor
- micromycetese0pathogen
- Outcome
- selectivity against micromycetese0
- Setting
- grown indoorse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isolates also showed selectivity against micromycetes that cause mycosis in tomatoes grown indoors”
Claim · model-written summary
The endophytes had the highest antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- these endophytese0
- Interactor
- S. sclerotiorum
Sclerotinia sclerotiorume1pathogen - Second interactor
- these endophytese0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antifungal activitye1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The actions of these endophytes against tomato pathogenic bacteria and fungi were then tested”
e1“In particular, the highest antifungal activity was detected against S. sclerotiorum and fungi of the Fusarium genus”
Claim · model-written summary
The endophytes had the highest antifungal activity against Fusarium fungi in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- these endophytese0
- Interactor
- fungi of the Fusarium genuse1pathogen
- Second interactor
- these endophytese0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antifungal activitye1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The actions of these endophytes against tomato pathogenic bacteria and fungi were then tested”
e1“In particular, the highest antifungal activity was detected against S. sclerotiorum and fungi of the Fusarium genus”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation of tomato with endophytic microorganisms had a positive effect on seed germination efficiency.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of tomatoes with endophytic microorganismse0
- Interactor
- endophytic microorganismse0symbiont
- Outcome
- seed germination efficiencye0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of tomatoes with endophytic microorganisms revealed a positive effect on seed germination efficiency and the stimulation of seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation of tomato with endophytic microorganisms stimulated seedling growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of tomatoes with endophytic microorganismse0
- Interactor
- endophytic microorganismse0symbiont
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- stimulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of tomatoes with endophytic microorganisms revealed a positive effect on seed germination efficiency and the stimulation of seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
A consortium of plant-associated microorganisms from a wild relative stimulated root system formation and seedling nutrition of tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- consortium of plant-associated microorganismse0
- Interactor
- plant-associated microorganismse0symbiont
- Outcome
- formation of the root system and nutrition of seedlingse0
- Direction
- stimulatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A consortium of plant-associated microorganisms isolated from a wild relative has a positive effect on the germination of tomato seeds, stimulating the formation of the root system and nutrition of seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The interspecific transfer of endophytic microorganisms from wild S. nigrum to cultivated S. lycopersicum was effective.
- Taxon
- S. lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- endophytic microorganismse0symbiont
- Outcome
- effectiveness of interspecific transfer of endophytic microorganismse0
- Qualifier
- from a wild, S. nigrume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thus, the effectiveness of interspecific transfer of endophytic microorganisms from a wild, S. nigrum, to a cultivated Solanum species, S. lycopersicum, was reported”
Claim · model-written summary
The antagonism of the isolates provides long-term protection of cultivated Solanaceae during critical stages of development and prospects for microbial biologics.
Verbatim
e0“The antagonism of the isolates against phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria provides long-term protection during the most critical stages of plant development and has prospects for the development of microbial biologics for cultivated plants of the Solanaceae family”
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inoculation · Clavibacter michiganensis · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.