Abstract
Little has been done to evaluate the molecular role of ZnO nanoparticles (ZNPs) in regulating biochemical processes and plant yield in response to salt-induced stress. In this study, the molecular response of salt-stressed soybean (‘Giza111’) was assessed under different concentrations of ZNPs (25, 50, 100, and 200 mg l-1) by measuring some osmolytes, yield parameters, and Na+ and K+ content. The impact of salinity on the mRNA expression levels of three key salt-tolerance related genes (GmCHX1, GmPAP3, and GmSALT3) using qRT-PCR was also determined. The high level of salinity (250 mM NaCl) led to a significant increase in Na+ content, total soluble proteins, and total soluble carbohydrates and significantly upregulated gene expression of GmCHX1, GmPAP3, and GmSALT3, while reducing K+ content, K+/Na+ ratio and all yield parameters compared to control plants. Soaking soybean seeds in various ZNP concentrations, on the other hand, increased K+ content and K+/Na+ ratio while decreasing Na+ content, total soluble proteins, and total soluble carbohydrates in stressed plants, particularly at 50 mg l-1 ZNPs. Furthermore, GmCHX1, GmPAP3, and GmSALT3 expressions were all downregulated at 50 mg l-1 ZNPs, which ultimately improved soybean yield parameters. Accordingly, these results recommend the application of 50 mg l-1 ZNPs for improving the productivity of soybean cultivated in saline soils.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity significantly increased soybean Na+ content, soluble proteins, and soluble carbohydrates relative to controls.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe2 - Treatment
- 250 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- Na+ content, total soluble proteins, and total soluble carbohydratese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The high level of salinity (250 mM NaCl) led to a significant increase in Na+ content, total soluble proteins, and total soluble carbohydrates”
e1“compared to control plants”
e2“salt-stressed soybean (‘Giza111’)”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity significantly upregulated GmCHX1, GmPAP3, and GmSALT3 expression.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- 250 mM NaCle1
- Gene
- GmCHX1, GmPAP3, and GmSALT3e0
- Outcome
- gene expressione0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Comparator
- control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly upregulated gene expression of GmCHX1, GmPAP3, and GmSALT3”
e1“The high level of salinity (250 mM NaCl) led to a significant increase in Na+ content, total soluble proteins, and total soluble carbohydrates and significantly upregulated gene expression of GmCHX1, GmPAP3, and GmSALT3, while reducing K+ content, K+/Na+ ratio and all yield parameters compared to control plants.”
e2“salt-stressed soybean (‘Giza111’)”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity reduced K+ content, K+/Na+ ratio, and yield parameters compared with controls.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- 250 mM NaCle1
- Outcome
- K+ content, K+/Na+ ratio and all yield parameterse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while reducing K+ content, K+/Na+ ratio and all yield parameters compared to control plants.”
e1“The high level of salinity (250 mM NaCl)”
e2“salt-stressed soybean (‘Giza111’)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZNP seed soaking increased K+ content and the K+/Na+ ratio in salt-stressed soybean, especially at 50 mg l-1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- various ZNP concentrationse0
- Outcome
- K+ content and K+/Na+ ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- particularly at 50 mg l-1 ZNPse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soaking soybean seeds in various ZNP concentrations, on the other hand, increased K+ content and K+/Na+ ratio while decreasing Na+ content, total soluble proteins, and total soluble carbohydrates in stressed plants, particularly at 50 mg l-1 ZNPs.”
Claim · model-written summary
ZNP seed soaking decreased Na+ content, soluble proteins, and soluble carbohydrates in salt-stressed soybean, especially at 50 mg l-1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- various ZNP concentrationse0
- Outcome
- Na+ content, total soluble proteins, and total soluble carbohydratese0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Qualifier
- particularly at 50 mg l-1 ZNPse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soaking soybean seeds in various ZNP concentrations, on the other hand, increased K+ content and K+/Na+ ratio while decreasing Na+ content, total soluble proteins, and total soluble carbohydrates in stressed plants, particularly at 50 mg l-1 ZNPs.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50 mg l-1, ZNPs downregulated GmCHX1, GmPAP3, and GmSALT3 expression.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- 50 mg l-1 ZNPse0
- Gene
- GmCHX1, GmPAP3, and GmSALT3e0
- Outcome
- GmCHX1, GmPAP3, and GmSALT3 expressionse0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GmCHX1, GmPAP3, and GmSALT3 expressions were all downregulated at 50 mg l-1 ZNPs”
e2“salt-stressed soybean (‘Giza111’)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZNP treatment improved soybean yield parameters.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- ZNPse1
- Outcome
- soybean yield parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which ultimately improved soybean yield parameters.”
e1“GmCHX1, GmPAP3, and GmSALT3 expressions were all downregulated at 50 mg l-1 ZNPs”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 50 mg l-1 ZNPs to improve soybean productivity in saline soils.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- application of 50 mg l-1 ZNPse0
- Setting
- saline soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these results recommend the application of 50 mg l-1 ZNPs for improving the productivity of soybean cultivated in saline soils.”
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