Abstract
The variations in temperature and rainfall patterns under climate change are threatening crop production systems, and optimizing fertilization practices is a prerequisite for sustainable cereal production. This two-year field study investigated the effects of eight treatments (T1: P60K60; T2: P60K60 + Nmin spring; T3: P60K60 + N40autumn + Nmin spring; T4: P60K60 + N60spring; T5: P60K60 + N100spring; T6: P60K60 + N40autumn + N60spring + Zn; T7: P60K60 + N60autumn + N80spring + Zn; and T8: P60K60 + N160spring + Zn) on the grain yield and quality of four divergent maize cultivars (NS-4023, NS-640, NS-6010 and NS-6030). The observations on climatic data showed substantial variations in monthly and cumulative rainfall only, which was 174 and 226 mm for 2011 and 2012, respectively, and much less than the historical cumulative rainfall of 339 mm. However, temperature during growth years showed little deviation from the historical data. The data showed that treatment and maize cultivar significantly influenced grain yield; however, grain yield remained lower in 2012 than in 2011 for each treatment and cultivar. Applying N as split doses in combination with Zn, resulted in higher grain yields than adding at once. However, the treatments and cultivars affected grain quality variables differently, including oil, thiol SH, phytate, inorganic P, soluble protein, starch, total phenol, protein, total sugars and tryptophan contents. Despite the pronounced difference in grain yields between 2011 and 2012 for each treatment and cultivar, grain quality did not always vary significantly between cultivars. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the relationships between grain yield and grain quality varied significantly during 2011 and 2012. The changes in rainfall patterns at critical growth maize stages seemed to be a more important factor than temperature in regulating the response of maize cultivars in terms of grain yield and quality to various fertilization regimes in this study.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment and maize cultivar significantly influenced grain yield in the two-year field study.
Zea maysNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The data showed that treatment and maize cultivar significantly influenced grain yield”
e2“This two-year field study investigated the effects of eight treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield of maize was lower in 2012 than in 2011 for each treatment and cultivar.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“however, grain yield remained lower in 2012 than in 2011 for each treatment and cultivar”
e2“four divergent maize cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Split doses of N combined with Zn gave higher maize grain yields than adding N at once.
- Treatment
- Applying N as split doses in combination with Zne1
- Outcome
- grain yieldse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- adding at oncee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Applying N as split doses in combination with Zn, resulted in higher grain yields than adding at once”
e2“four divergent maize cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments and cultivars affected maize grain oil, thiol SH and phytate contents differently.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the treatments and cultivars affected grain quality variables differently, including oil, thiol SH, phytate, inorganic P, soluble protein, starch, total phenol, protein, total sugars and tryptophan contents”
e2“four divergent maize cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments and cultivars affected maize grain inorganic P, soluble protein and starch differently.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the treatments and cultivars affected grain quality variables differently, including oil, thiol SH, phytate, inorganic P, soluble protein, starch, total phenol, protein, total sugars and tryptophan contents”
e2“four divergent maize cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments and cultivars affected maize grain total phenol, protein and total sugars differently.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the treatments and cultivars affected grain quality variables differently, including oil, thiol SH, phytate, inorganic P, soluble protein, starch, total phenol, protein, total sugars and tryptophan contents”
e2“four divergent maize cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments and cultivars affected maize grain tryptophan contents differently.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the treatments and cultivars affected grain quality variables differently, including oil, thiol SH, phytate, inorganic P, soluble protein, starch, total phenol, protein, total sugars and tryptophan contents”
e2“four divergent maize cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain quality did not always vary significantly between the maize cultivars.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“grain quality did not always vary significantly between cultivars”
e2“four divergent maize cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The relationship between grain yield and grain quality varied significantly between 2011 and 2012.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the relationships between grain yield and grain quality varied significantly during 2011 and 2012”
e2“four divergent maize cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Cumulative rainfall in 2011 and 2012 was 174 and 226 mm, much less than the historical 339 mm.
- Outcome
- cumulative rainfalle1
- Value
- 174 and 226 mme1
- Comparator
- historical cumulative rainfall of 339 mme1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“The observations on climatic data showed substantial variations in monthly and cumulative rainfall only, which was 174 and 226 mm for 2011 and 2012, respectively, and much less than the historical cumulative rainfall of 339 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature during growth years showed little deviation from the historical data.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“However, temperature during growth years showed little deviation from the historical data”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in rainfall patterns at critical maize growth stages seem to be a more important factor than temperature in the response of maize cultivars.
- Treatment
- changes in rainfall patternse1
- Outcome
- response of maize cultivars in terms of grain yield and qualitye1
- Comparator
- temperaturee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The changes in rainfall patterns at critical growth maize stages seemed to be a more important factor than temperature in regulating the response of maize cultivars in terms of grain yield and quality to various fertilization regimes in this study”
The same questions in other papers
zinc atom · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
390 papers in the same direction as this paper · 47 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
437 papers more in this group
See all 441 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.