Abstract
L.). The major phenolic groups were hydroxycinnamic acids and flavanols in Japanese knotweed (J. knotweed) and flavonols, hydroxycinnamic acids, and stilbenes in American pokeweed (A. pokeweed). We investigated the influence of solvent type and extraction time on the extraction efficiency of the phenolic compounds. The solvent 80% methanol had a higher polyphenolic extraction efficiency than water, since 14.5 times more flavonols and 2.3 times more stilbenes were extracted from J. knotweed and 5.2 times more flavonols and 2.6 times more stilbenes were extracted from A. pokeweed. In contrast, with water, we obtained a 52% higher hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA) content from J. knotweed. Hydroxycinnamic acids were best extracted in water after 24 h, flavanols after 12 h, stilbenes between 12 and 24 h, and flavonol glycosides after 48 h of extraction. We also tested the allelopathic effect of the aqueous extract of A. pokeweed and J. knotweed on seed germination and shoot and root growth of perennial ryegrass. The results showed that the water extract of J. knotweed resulted in 38 to 48% lower seed germination of perennial ryegrass, and the extract of A. pokeweed resulted in 83 to 90% lower seed germination. The phytotoxic effect of the extract of J. knotweed and A. pokeweed was also reflected in a characteristic reduced growth of shoots and roots of perennial ryegrass. The phytotoxic action of IAPS could also be applied for beneficial purposes, since this would be an effective strategy for their control and a reduction of their spread in the environment.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Hydroxycinnamic acids and flavanols were the main phenolic groups in Japanese knotweed.
- Taxon
- Japanese knotweed
Reynoutria japonicae0 - Outcome
- major phenolic groupse0
- Qualifier
- hydroxycinnamic acids and flavanolse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The major phenolic groups were hydroxycinnamic acids and flavanols in Japanese knotweed (J. knotweed)”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonols, hydroxycinnamic acids and stilbenes were major phenolic groups in American pokeweed.
- Taxon
- American pokeweed
.jpg?width=60)
Phytolacca americanae0 - Outcome
- flavonols, hydroxycinnamic acids, and stilbenese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“flavonols, hydroxycinnamic acids, and stilbenes in American pokeweed (A. pokeweed)”
Claim · model-written summary
80% methanol extracted 14.5 times more flavonols from J. knotweed than water.
- Taxon
- J. knotweedReynoutria japonicae0
- Outcome
- flavonolse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 14.5 timese0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“14.5 times more flavonols and 2.3 times more stilbenes were extracted from J. knotweed”
Claim · model-written summary
80% methanol extracted 2.3 times more stilbenes from J. knotweed than water.
- Taxon
- J. knotweedReynoutria japonicae0
- Outcome
- stilbenese0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 2.3 timese0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“14.5 times more flavonols and 2.3 times more stilbenes were extracted from J. knotweed”
Claim · model-written summary
80% methanol extracted 5.2 times more flavonols from A. pokeweed than water.
- Taxon
- A. pokeweedPhytolacca americanae0
- Outcome
- flavonolse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 5.2 timese0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“5.2 times more flavonols and 2.6 times more stilbenes were extracted from A. pokeweed”
Claim · model-written summary
80% methanol extracted 2.6 times more stilbenes from A. pokeweed than water.
- Taxon
- A. pokeweedPhytolacca americanae0
- Outcome
- stilbenese0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 2.6 timese0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“5.2 times more flavonols and 2.6 times more stilbenes were extracted from A. pokeweed”
Claim · model-written summary
Water extraction yielded 52% higher hydroxycinnamic acid content from Japanese knotweed.
- Taxon
- J. knotweedReynoutria japonicae0
- Treatment
- watere0
- Outcome
- hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA) contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 52%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with water, we obtained a 52% higher hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA) content from J. knotweed”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydroxycinnamic acids were best extracted at 24 h.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Hydroxycinnamic acids were best extracted in water after 24 h, flavanols after 12 h, stilbenes between 12 and 24 h, and flavonol glycosides after 48 h of extraction”
Claim · model-written summary
flavanols were best extracted at 12 h.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Hydroxycinnamic acids were best extracted in water after 24 h, flavanols after 12 h, stilbenes between 12 and 24 h, and flavonol glycosides after 48 h of extraction”
Claim · model-written summary
stilbenes were best extracted at 12 and 24 h.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Hydroxycinnamic acids were best extracted in water after 24 h, flavanols after 12 h, stilbenes between 12 and 24 h, and flavonol glycosides after 48 h of extraction”
Claim · model-written summary
flavonol glycosides were best extracted at 48 h.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Hydroxycinnamic acids were best extracted in water after 24 h, flavanols after 12 h, stilbenes between 12 and 24 h, and flavonol glycosides after 48 h of extraction”
Claim · model-written summary
Japanese knotweed water extract reduced perennial ryegrass seed germination by 38 to 48%.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrass
Lolium perennee0 - Treatment
- water extract of J. knotweede0
- Interactor
- J. knotweedReynoutria japonicae0other
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 38 to 48%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the water extract of J. knotweed resulted in 38 to 48% lower seed germination of perennial ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
American pokeweed extract reduced seed germination by 83 to 90%.
- Treatment
- extract of A. pokeweede0
- Interactor
- A. pokeweedPhytolacca americanae0other
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 83 to 90%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the extract of A. pokeweed resulted in 83 to 90% lower seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Japanese knotweed extract reduced perennial ryegrass shoot and root growth.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee0
- Treatment
- extract of J. knotweede0
- Interactor
- J. knotweedReynoutria japonicae0other
- Outcome
- growth of shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the extract of J. knotweed and A. pokeweed was also reflected in a characteristic reduced growth of shoots and roots of perennial ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
American pokeweed extract reduced perennial ryegrass shoot and root growth.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee0
- Treatment
- A. pokeweede0
- Interactor
- A. pokeweedPhytolacca americanae0other
- Outcome
- growth of shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the extract of J. knotweed and A. pokeweed was also reflected in a characteristic reduced growth of shoots and roots of perennial ryegrass”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · growth · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Positive and negative results
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