Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.), one of the most economically important plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs), cause severe yield and quality losses in agriculture annually. The application of biological control agents is an environmentally safe and effective approach to control RKNs. Here, we report the genomic characteristics of a Bacillus velezensis strain YS-AT-DS1 ( Bv-DS1 ) isolated from the tidal soil, revealing that it has a 4.73 Mb circular chromosome with an average GC-content of 46.43%, 3,977 genes, 86 tRNAs, and 27 rRNAs, and contains secondary metabolite clusters for producing antimicrobial compounds. In vitro assays indicated that Bv-DS1 has not only antagonistic activities against fungal pathogens, but also shows nematicidal activity, with a mortality rate of 71.62% mortality rates in second-stage juvenile (J2s) Meloidogyne incognita . We then focused on the biocontrol efficiency of Bv-DS1 against M. incognita in pot assays. Preinoculation with Bv-DS1 enhanced tomato growth, and significantly reduced the infection rate of J2s, and the number of galls and egg masses on tomato roots. The underlying mechanism in Bv-DS1- induced resistance to M. incognita was further investigated through split-root experiments, and analysing the expression of the genes related to jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and the tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP). The results indicated that Bv-DS1 could not activate host systemic-induced resistance (ISR) in the split-root system of tomatoes. Additionally, the expression of JA- ( LOX D and MC ) and SA- ( PAL2 and PR ) responsive genes did not change in Bv-DS1 -pretreated plants at 3 and 14 days after nematode inoculation. The presented data showed that JA-and SA-dependent pathways were not required for the biocontrol action of the Bv-DS1 against RKN. The TIP genes, responsible for transport of water and small substrates in plants, have previously been shown to negatively regulate the parasitism of PPNs. Surprisingly, Bv-DS1 compromised the downregulation of TIP1.1 and TIP1.3 by M. incognita . Together, our data suggest that Bv-DS1 exhibits a dual effect on plant growth promotion and protection against RKN, possibly related to the regulation of water and solute transport via TIPs . Thus, the Bv-DS1 strain could be used as a biocontrol agent for RKN control in sustainable agriculture.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Bv-DS1 killed second-stage M. incognita juveniles in vitro at 71.62% mortality.
- Taxon
- tomato plants
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pest - Outcome
- mortality ratee0
- Value
- 71.62%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“shows nematicidal activity, with a mortality rate of 71.62% mortality rates in second-stage juvenile (J2s) Meloidogyne incognita”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Bv-DS1 preinoculation enhanced tomato growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Preinoculation with Bv-DS1e0
- Interactor
- Bv-DS1e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- tomato growthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Preinoculation with Bv-DS1 enhanced tomato growth”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Bv-DS1 preinoculation significantly reduced juvenile infection rate.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Preinoculation with Bv-DS1e0
- Interactor
- J2se0pest
- Second interactor
- Bv-DS1e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- infection rate of J2se0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Preinoculation with Bv-DS1 enhanced tomato growth, and significantly reduced the infection rate of J2s”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Bv-DS1 preinoculation significantly reduced tomato root galls and egg masses.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Preinoculation with Bv-DS1e0
- Interactor
- J2se0pest
- Second interactor
- Bv-DS1e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- number of galls and egg masses on tomato rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Preinoculation with Bv-DS1 enhanced tomato growth, and significantly reduced the infection rate of J2s, and the number of galls and egg masses on tomato roots”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Bv-DS1 did not activate systemic induced resistance in split-root tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Bv-DS1e0
- Interactor
- Bv-DS1e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- host systemic-induced resistance (ISR)e0
- Direction
- could not activatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bv-DS1 could not activate host systemic-induced resistance (ISR) in the split-root system of tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
JA- and SA-responsive gene expression did not change after Bv-DS1 pretreatment at 3 and 14 days after nematode inoculation.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Bv-DS1 -pretreatede0
- Interactor
- Bv-DS1e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- expression of JA- ( LOX D and MC ) and SA- ( PAL2 and PR ) responsive genese0
- Direction
- did not changee0
- Qualifier
- at 3 and 14 days after nematode inoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of JA- ( LOX D and MC ) and SA- ( PAL2 and PR ) responsive genes did not change in Bv-DS1 -pretreated plants at 3 and 14 days after nematode inoculation”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Bv-DS1 prevented M. incognita-associated downregulation of TIP1.1 and TIP1.3.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Bv-DS1e0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Second interactor
- Bv-DS1e0biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- TIP1.1 and TIP1.3e0
- Outcome
- downregulation of TIP1.1 and TIP1.3e0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bv-DS1 compromised the downregulation of TIP1.1 and TIP1.3 by M. incognita”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose Bv-DS1 for root-knot nematode control.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- RKNe0pest
- Outcome
- biocontrol agent for RKN control in sustainable agriculturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Bv-DS1 strain could be used as a biocontrol agent for RKN control in sustainable agriculture”
t0“tomato plants”
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