Abstract
Hydroponic experiments were performed to examine the effect of prolonged sulfate limitation combined with cadmium (Cd) exposure in Arabidopsis thaliana and a potential Cd hyperaccumulator, Nicotiana tabacum. Low sulfate treatments (20 and 40 µM MgSO4) and Cd stress (4 µM CdCl2) showed adverse effects on morphology, photosynthetic and biochemical parameters and the nutritional status of both species. For example, Cd stress decreased NO3- root content under 20 µM MgSO4 to approximately 50% compared with respective controls. Interestingly, changes in many measured parameters, such as chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, the concentrations of anions, nutrients and Cd, induced by low sulfate supply, Cd exposure or a combination of both factors, were species-specific. Our data showed opposing effects of Cd exposure on Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn levels in roots of the studied plants. In A. thaliana, levels of glutathione, phytochelatins and glucosinolates demonstrated their distinct involvement in response to sub-optimal growth conditions and Cd stress. In shoot, the levels of phytochelatins and glucosinolates in the organic sulfur fraction were not dependent on sulfate supply under Cd stress. Altogether, our data showed both common and species-specific features of the complex plant response to prolonged sulfate deprivation and/or Cd exposure.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Low sulfate and cadmium adversely affected morphology, photosynthesis, biochemistry and nutrition of both species.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum
Arabidopsis thaliana
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Treatment
- Low sulfate treatments (20 and 40 µM MgSO4) and Cd stress (4 µM CdCl2)e0
- Outcome
- morphology, photosynthetic and biochemical parameters and the nutritional statuse0
- Direction
- adverse effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low sulfate treatments (20 and 40 µM MgSO4) and Cd stress (4 µM CdCl2) showed adverse effects on morphology, photosynthetic and biochemical parameters and the nutritional status of both species.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd decreased root nitrate content under low sulfate to about half of controls.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacumArabidopsis thalianaNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- NO3- root contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- approximately 50%e0
- Comparator
- respective controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd stress decreased NO3- root content under 20 µM MgSO4 to approximately 50% compared with respective controls.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum”
Claim · model-written summary
Responses of pigments, ions, nutrients and cadmium to sulfate and cadmium treatments differed by species.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacumArabidopsis thalianaNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- low sulfate supply, Cd exposure or a combination of both factorse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, the concentrations of anions, nutrients and Cde0
- Qualifier
- species-specifice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in many measured parameters, such as chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, the concentrations of anions, nutrients and Cd, induced by low sulfate supply, Cd exposure or a combination of both factors, were species-specific.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd had opposing effects on root Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn levels in the two plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacumArabidopsis thalianaNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Cd exposuree0
- Outcome
- Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn levels in rootse0
- Direction
- opposing effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“opposing effects of Cd exposure on Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn levels in roots of the studied plants.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutathione, phytochelatin and glucosinolate levels had distinct responses to suboptimal conditions and Cd in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- A. thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Outcome
- levels of glutathione, phytochelatins and glucosinolatese0
- Qualifier
- distinct involvement in response to sub-optimal growth conditions and Cd stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In A. thaliana, levels of glutathione, phytochelatins and glucosinolates demonstrated their distinct involvement in response to sub-optimal growth conditions and Cd stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot phytochelatin and glucosinolate levels under Cd did not depend on sulfate supply.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacumArabidopsis thalianaNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Treatment
- sulfate supplye0
- Outcome
- levels of phytochelatins and glucosinolates in the organic sulfur fractione0
- Direction
- not dependente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In shoot, the levels of phytochelatins and glucosinolates in the organic sulfur fraction were not dependent on sulfate supply under Cd stress.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.