Abstract
A two-year field experiment was executed to investigate the impact of different controlled irrigation and drainage regimes on the morphological and mechanical traits related to the lodging resistance of rice in Jiangsu province, China. Three irrigation regimes were comprised of conventional flooding practices (CK), controlled irrigation and drainage mode I (CID-1), and controlled irrigation and drainage mode II (CID-2). Results indicated that there was no significant difference in the heights of rice plants under the three irrigation regimes, but the average diameter of CK treatment was 21% higher than that of CID-2 in the 2013 season. Similarly, the value of the section modulus of CK was significantly higher than that of CID-2 (p < 0.05). On the contrary, the length of basal internodes of CK and CID-1 was significantly lower than that of CID-2 in 2013 (p < 0.05). For both seasons, the safety factor against stem breakage (SFs) of CID-2 always had the lowest value under different irrigation regimes, which might be related to the significantly lower values of bending strength of culm at breaking (S) and the bending stress (BS) as well as lower ash content and cellulose content in CID-2 compared with CK and CID-1. Collectively, properly increasing the depth of water levels after heavy rain under the current water-saving mode (CID-1) would not increase the risk of lodging for rice plants, whereas if the water depth after heavy rain was kept higher than 20 cm (CID-2), the SFs would be significantly lower than that of CK, and the rice plants would be much more likely to undergo lodging.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Rice height did not significantly differ across three irrigation regimes.
- Taxon
- rice plants
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- three irrigation regimese0
- Outcome
- heightse0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no significant difference in the heights of rice plants under the three irrigation regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
CK stem diameter was 21% higher than CID-2 in 2013.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CK treatmente0
- Outcome
- average diametere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 21%e0
- Qualifier
- 2013 seasone0
- Comparator
- CID-2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average diameter of CK treatment was 21% higher than that of CID-2 in the 2013 season”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
CK section modulus was significantly higher than CID-2.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the value of the section modulus of CK was significantly higher than that of CID-2 (p < 0.05)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
CK and CID-1 had significantly shorter basal internodes than CID-2 in 2013.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CK and CID-1e0
- Outcome
- length of basal internodese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- 2013e0
- Comparator
- CID-2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the length of basal internodes of CK and CID-1 was significantly lower than that of CID-2 in 2013 (p < 0.05)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
CID-2 had the lowest safety factor against stem breakage in both seasons.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CID-2e0
- Outcome
- safety factor against stem breakage (SFs)e0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Qualifier
- both seasonse0
- Comparator
- different irrigation regimese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For both seasons, the safety factor against stem breakage (SFs) of CID-2 always had the lowest value under different irrigation regimes”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
CID-2 had significantly lower culm bending strength than CK and CID-1.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CID-2e0
- Outcome
- bending strength of culm at breaking (S)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- CK and CID-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly lower values of bending strength of culm at breaking (S) and the bending stress (BS) as well as lower ash content and cellulose content in CID-2 compared with CK and CID-1”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
CID-2 had significantly lower bending stress than CK and CID-1.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CID-2e0
- Outcome
- bending stress (BS)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- CK and CID-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly lower values of bending strength of culm at breaking (S) and the bending stress (BS) as well as lower ash content and cellulose content in CID-2 compared with CK and CID-1”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
CID-2 had lower ash and cellulose content than CK and CID-1.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CID-2e0
- Outcome
- ash content and cellulose contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- CK and CID-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower ash content and cellulose content in CID-2 compared with CK and CID-1”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
CID-2 water depth above 20 cm after heavy rain produced a significantly lower safety factor than CK.
- Treatment
- water depth after heavy rain was kept higher than 20 cm (CID-2)e0
- Outcome
- SFse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“if the water depth after heavy rain was kept higher than 20 cm (CID-2), the SFs would be significantly lower than that of CK”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors judged rice lodging more likely under CID-2.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- CID-2e1
- Outcome
- undergo lodginge0
- Direction
- much more likelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice plants would be much more likely to undergo lodging”
t0“Rice”
e1“water depth after heavy rain was kept higher than 20 cm (CID-2)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that modestly raising water depth after heavy rain under CID-1 would not increase rice lodging risk.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- increasing the depth of water levels after heavy rain under the current water-saving mode (CID-1) would not increase the risk of lodginge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“properly increasing the depth of water levels after heavy rain under the current water-saving mode (CID-1) would not increase the risk of lodging for rice plants”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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