Abstract
In stressful environments, invasive plants acclimate more efficiently than native plants and hybridization mainly contributes to this process. We examined changes in the morphological characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics, and antioxidant capacity of Sphagneticola trilobata and its hybrids in a low-light environment to explore their invasiveness, with Sphagneticola calendulacea serving as the control. The morphological plasticity of S. trilobata was not dominant, the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII, actual quantum yield of PSII, and electron transport rate of PSⅡ increased and nonphotochemical quenching decreased, while S. calendulacea and the hybrid produced opposite results. S. trilobata showed fewer spots stained for reactive oxygen species in tissues, with an increase in superoxide dismutase activity. Although S. trilobata is a heliophilous plant, we found that the shade tolerance of S. trilobata and the hybrid were stronger than that of S. calendulacea, which may be one important mechanism of invasion.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
S. trilobata morphological plasticity was not dominant under low light.
- Taxon
- S. trilobata
.jpg?width=60)
Sphagneticola trilobatae0 - Outcome
- morphological plasticitye0
- Direction
- not dominante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The morphological plasticity of S. trilobata was not dominant”
Claim · model-written summary
PSII efficiency, quantum yield and electron transport rate increased in S. trilobata.
- Taxon
- Sphagneticola trilobataSphagneticola trilobatat0
- Outcome
- maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII, actual quantum yield of PSII, and electron transport rate of PSⅡe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII, actual quantum yield of PSII, and electron transport rate of PSⅡ increased”
t0“Sphagneticola trilobata and its hybrid”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonphotochemical quenching decreased in S. trilobata.
- Taxon
- Sphagneticola trilobataSphagneticola trilobatat0
- Outcome
- nonphotochemical quenchinge0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nonphotochemical quenching decreased”
t0“Sphagneticola trilobata and its hybrid”
Claim · model-written summary
S. calendulacea had the opposite photosynthetic response to S. trilobata.
- Taxon
- S. calendulacea
Sphagneticola calendulaceae0 - Outcome
- opposite resultse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while S. calendulacea and the hybrid produced opposite results.”
Claim · model-written summary
The hybrid had the opposite photosynthetic response to S. trilobata.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“while S. calendulacea and the hybrid produced opposite results.”
Claim · model-written summary
S. trilobata showed fewer reactive oxygen species stained spots in tissues.
- Taxon
- S. trilobataSphagneticola trilobatae0
- Outcome
- spots stained for reactive oxygen species in tissuese0
- Direction
- fewere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. trilobata showed fewer spots stained for reactive oxygen species in tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide dismutase activity increased in S. trilobata.
- Taxon
- Sphagneticola trilobataSphagneticola trilobatat0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutasee0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with an increase in superoxide dismutase activity.”
t0“Sphagneticola trilobata and its hybrid”
Claim · model-written summary
S. trilobata had stronger shade tolerance than S. calendulacea.
- Taxon
- S. trilobataSphagneticola trilobatae0
- Outcome
- shade tolerancee0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Comparator
- S. calendulaceae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the shade tolerance of S. trilobata and the hybrid were stronger than that of S. calendulacea”
Claim · model-written summary
The hybrid had stronger shade tolerance than S. calendulacea.
Verbatim
e0“the shade tolerance of S. trilobata and the hybrid were stronger than that of S. calendulacea”
Claim · model-written summary
Shade tolerance may contribute to invasion.
- Taxon
- Sphagneticola trilobataSphagneticola trilobatat0
- Outcome
- invasione0
- Qualifier
- one important mechanism of invasione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which may be one important mechanism of invasion.”
t0“Sphagneticola trilobata and its hybrid”