Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has seriously threatened the safe production of food crops. Passivator amendments are commonly used to control the soil Cd availability. Yet, few studies are tested to explore the effect of the combination of various amendments. Here, we investigated the effects of different amendments (2% rice husk biochar, 2% limestone, and 1% rice husk biochar + 1% limestone) on the growth and Cd accumulation of wheat in pot and field experiments. The results showed that under the low soil Cd condition, the maximum increase of soil pH (1.83) was found in the limestone treatment compared to CK in pot experiment. Compared with the CK, the treatment of rice husk biochar decreased soil Cd availability and grain Cd content by about 25% and 31.2%, respectively. In contrast, under high soil Cd condition, the highest soil pH was observed in limestone, while the lowest soil Cd availability and grain Cd concentrations were found in rice husk biochar treatment. In the field experiment, the treatment of 1% rice husk biochar + 1% limestone caused a significant increase of soil pH by about 28.2%, whereas the treatment of 2% rice husk biochar reduced soil Cd availability and grain Cd content by about 38.9% and 38.5% compared to the CK. Therefore, rice husk biochar showed great potential to reduce Cd availability and ensure safe food production.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Under low soil Cd, limestone gave the maximum soil pH increase of 1.83 against CK in pots.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- limestone treatmente0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 1.83e0
- Qualifier
- low soil Cd conditione0
- Comparator
- CKe0
- Setting
- pot experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under the low soil Cd condition, the maximum increase of soil pH (1.83) was found in the limestone treatment compared to CK in pot experiment.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice husk biochar reduced soil Cd availability about 25% versus CK.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- rice husk biochare0
- Outcome
- soil Cd availabilitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the CK, the treatment of rice husk biochar decreased soil Cd availability and grain Cd content by about 25% and 31.2%, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice husk biochar reduced wheat grain Cd content about 31.2% versus CK.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- rice husk biochare0
- Outcome
- grain Cd contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 31.2%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the CK, the treatment of rice husk biochar decreased soil Cd availability and grain Cd content by about 25% and 31.2%, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high soil Cd, limestone yielded the highest soil pH.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- limestonee0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- high soil Cd conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under high soil Cd condition, the highest soil pH was observed in limestone”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high soil Cd, rice husk biochar gave the lowest soil Cd availability and grain Cd concentrations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- rice husk biochar treatmente0
- Outcome
- soil Cd availability and grain Cd concentrationse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest soil Cd availability and grain Cd concentrations were found in rice husk biochar treatment.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, combined 1% biochar and 1% limestone increased soil pH about 28.2%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 1% rice husk biochar + 1% limestonee0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 28.2%e0
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the field experiment, the treatment of 1% rice husk biochar + 1% limestone caused a significant increase of soil pH by about 28.2%”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, 2% biochar reduced soil Cd availability about 38.9% against CK.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2% rice husk biochare0
- Outcome
- soil Cd availabilitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 38.9%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the treatment of 2% rice husk biochar reduced soil Cd availability and grain Cd content by about 38.9% and 38.5% compared to the CK.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, 2% biochar reduced grain Cd content about 38.5% against CK.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2% rice husk biochare0
- Outcome
- grain Cd contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 38.5%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the treatment of 2% rice husk biochar reduced soil Cd availability and grain Cd content by about 38.9% and 38.5% compared to the CK.”
t0“wheat”
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