Abstract
Background . Competitive early-fruiting apple cultivars with high commercial and consumer qualities, resistant to unfavorable stressors, are required for successful horticulture development. Materials and methods . The study included apple cultivars developed by innovative methods using scab resistance donors ( Rvi6 ) and diploid gamete donors. Foreign cultivars commercialized in the region were also used. Conventional variety testing techniques were applied. Fifteen cultivars released by the Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK), 6 foreign cultivars, and one reference (‘Antonovka obyknovennaya’) were assessed. Results . Simulating damaging factors helped to identify good resistance of tissues and buds of domestically bred apple cultivars to early winter frosts. These cultivars survived a temperature decrease to –30°C without damage in early winter and without significant damage (no more than 2.0 pts) at –40°C in midwinter, including the scab-immune ( Rvi6 ) cultivars ‘Ivanovskoye’ and ‘Pamyat Hitrovo’, and immune triploids (3×) ‘Aleksandr Boyko’, ‘Akademik Saveliev’ and ‘Vavilovskoye’. Bud damage in ‘Gala’ and ‘Ligol’ was stronger (2.5 pts) and increased to 3.0 pts under simulated temperatures down to –38°C and –40°C. ‘Gala’ showed the lowest resistance in midwinter. Early-fruiting cvs. ‘Blagodat’, ‘Ivanovskoye’, ‘Pamyat Hitrovo’ and ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’ were identified. On average, triploids ‘Blagodat’ and ‘Patriot’, scab-immune ‘Afrodita’, ‘Ivanovskoye’ and ‘Start’, and scab-immune triploid ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’ significantly exceeded ‘Antonovka’ and other cultivars in yield. Conclusion. The new innovative winter cultivars developed at VNIISPK matched foreign cultivars in marketability and consumer qualities, while in scab resistance and adaptability they significantly exceeded most of them. ‘Akademik Saveliev’, ‘Aleksandr Boyko’, ‘Afrodita’, ‘Vavilovskoye’, ‘Ivanovskoye’, ‘Prazdnichnoye’ and ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’ were recommended for intensive-type orchards.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Domestically bred apple cultivars survived a temperature decrease to –30°C without damage in early winter.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- temperature decrease to –30°Ce1
- Outcome
- survivede1
- Qualifier
- without damagee1
- Setting
- early wintere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessment of adaptability and fruit quality in new apple cultivars for intensive orchards”
e1“These cultivars survived a temperature decrease to –30°C without damage in early winter”
Claim · model-written summary
Domestically bred apple cultivars had at most 2.0 pts bud damage at –40°C in midwinter.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- –40°Ce2
- Outcome
- damagee2
- Value
- 2.0 ptse2
- Qualifier
- no more thane2
- Setting
- midwintere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessment of adaptability and fruit quality in new apple cultivars for intensive orchards”
e2“without significant damage (no more than 2.0 pts) at –40°C in midwinter”
Claim · model-written summary
Bud damage in 'Gala' was stronger, at 2.5 pts.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessment of adaptability and fruit quality in new apple cultivars for intensive orchards”
e3“Bud damage in ‘Gala’ and ‘Ligol’ was stronger (2.5 pts)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bud damage in 'Gala' increased to 3.0 pts under simulated temperatures down to -38°C and -40°C.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Galae3
- Treatment
- simulated temperatures down to –38°C and –40°Ce4
- Outcome
- Bud damagee3
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 3.0 ptse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessment of adaptability and fruit quality in new apple cultivars for intensive orchards”
e3“Bud damage in ‘Gala’ and ‘Ligol’ was stronger (2.5 pts)”
e4“increased to 3.0 pts under simulated temperatures down to –38°C and –40°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Bud damage in 'Ligol' was stronger, at 2.5 pts.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessment of adaptability and fruit quality in new apple cultivars for intensive orchards”
e3“Bud damage in ‘Gala’ and ‘Ligol’ was stronger (2.5 pts)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bud damage in 'Ligol' increased to 3.0 pts under simulated temperatures down to -38°C and -40°C.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Ligole3
- Treatment
- simulated temperatures down to –38°C and –40°Ce4
- Outcome
- Bud damagee3
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 3.0 ptse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessment of adaptability and fruit quality in new apple cultivars for intensive orchards”
e3“Bud damage in ‘Gala’ and ‘Ligol’ was stronger (2.5 pts)”
e4“increased to 3.0 pts under simulated temperatures down to –38°C and –40°C”
Claim · model-written summary
'Gala' showed the lowest resistance in midwinter.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessment of adaptability and fruit quality in new apple cultivars for intensive orchards”
e5“‘Gala’ showed the lowest resistance in midwinter”
Claim · model-written summary
Early-fruiting cultivars 'Blagodat', 'Ivanovskoye', 'Pamyat Hitrovo' and 'Rozhdestvenskoye' were identified.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Blagodat’, ‘Ivanovskoye’, ‘Pamyat Hitrovo’ and ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’e6
- Outcome
- identifiede6
- Qualifier
- Early-fruitinge6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessment of adaptability and fruit quality in new apple cultivars for intensive orchards”
e6“Early-fruiting cvs. ‘Blagodat’, ‘Ivanovskoye’, ‘Pamyat Hitrovo’ and ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’ were identified”
Claim · model-written summary
On average, triploids 'Blagodat', 'Patriot' and scab-immune 'Afrodita' significantly exceeded 'Antonovka' and other cultivars in yield.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Blagodat’ and ‘Patriot’, scab-immune ‘Afrodita’e7
- Outcome
- yielde7
- Direction
- significantly exceedede7
- Qualifier
- On averagee7
- Comparator
- ‘Antonovka’ and other cultivarse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessment of adaptability and fruit quality in new apple cultivars for intensive orchards”
e7“On average, triploids ‘Blagodat’ and ‘Patriot’, scab-immune ‘Afrodita’, ‘Ivanovskoye’ and ‘Start’, and scab-immune triploid ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’ significantly exceeded ‘Antonovka’ and other cultivars in yield”
Claim · model-written summary
On average, triploids 'Ivanovskoye', 'Start' and scab-immune triploid 'Rozhdestvenskoye' significantly exceeded 'Antonovka' and other cultivars in yield.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Ivanovskoye’ and ‘Start’, and scab-immune triploid ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’e7
- Outcome
- yielde7
- Direction
- significantly exceedede7
- Qualifier
- On averagee7
- Comparator
- ‘Antonovka’ and other cultivarse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessment of adaptability and fruit quality in new apple cultivars for intensive orchards”
e7“On average, triploids ‘Blagodat’ and ‘Patriot’, scab-immune ‘Afrodita’, ‘Ivanovskoye’ and ‘Start’, and scab-immune triploid ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’ significantly exceeded ‘Antonovka’ and other cultivars in yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The new innovative winter cultivars matched foreign cultivars in marketability and consumer qualities.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- new innovative winter cultivarse5
- Outcome
- marketability and consumer qualitiese5
- Direction
- matchede5
- Comparator
- foreign cultivarse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessment of adaptability and fruit quality in new apple cultivars for intensive orchards”
e5“The new innovative winter cultivars developed at VNIISPK matched foreign cultivars in marketability and consumer qualities”
Claim · model-written summary
The new innovative winter cultivars significantly exceeded most foreign cultivars in scab resistance and adaptability.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- new innovative winter cultivarse5
- Outcome
- scab resistance and adaptabilitye6
- Direction
- significantly exceedede6
- Comparator
- most of theme6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessment of adaptability and fruit quality in new apple cultivars for intensive orchards”
e5“The new innovative winter cultivars developed at VNIISPK matched foreign cultivars in marketability and consumer qualities”
e6“while in scab resistance and adaptability they significantly exceeded most of them”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven apple cultivars were recommended for intensive-type orchards.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- recommended for intensive-type orchardse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Assessment of adaptability and fruit quality in new apple cultivars for intensive orchards”
e7“‘Akademik Saveliev’, ‘Aleksandr Boyko’, ‘Afrodita’, ‘Vavilovskoye’, ‘Ivanovskoye’, ‘Prazdnichnoye’ and ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’ were recommended for intensive-type orchards”