Abstract
AbstractThe restorative effects of foliar potassium nitrate spraying on morphological, physiological, and stomata properties of salt-affected lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cv. Yedikule plants were investigated. Lettuce seedlings grown under saline irrigation water constituted by NaCl levels with 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM were sprayed with foliar KNO3 at 500 mg L−1 after 30-day-old plants. Salinity stress adversely influenced plant growth and physiological parameters. Fresh plant biomass, leaf area per plant, and leaf number were limited at 100 mM NaCl and above. Leaf temperature, chlorophyll content, dry matter, turgor loss, and electrolyte leakage were enhanced under saline conditions; however, salinity diminished leaf relative water content. Foliar KNO3 spraying improved the physiologic and stomata traits of salt-affected lettuce plants rather than plant growth. The electrolyte leakage was increased by increasing salinity and KNO3 spraying, whereas the relative injury was lower in the plants treated with foliar KNO3. An increase in stomata density was detected up to 100 mM NaCl, while stomata length and width were gradually decreased. Salinity and foliar KNO3 resulted in more frequent stomata number up to 100 mM NaCl, but it was surprisingly reduced at higher NaCl levels. Lettuce plants could grow up with irrigation water salinity of 100 mM and foliar KNO3 with 500 mg L−1 could regulate the adverse effects of salinity on the physiological characteristics up to 100 mM NaCl.Keywords: Electrolyte leakageLactuca sativa L.leaf areasodium chloridestomata density AcknowledgmentsThe author thanks Prof. Dr. M.D. Kaya, Prof. Dr. S. Avcı at the Department of Field Crops, Eskişehir Osmangazi University for allowing their laboratory facilities to conduct this experiment, and Dr. N. Ergin, Dr. E.G. Kulan, and P. Harmancı for their kind help.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Correction StatementThis article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity at 100 mM NaCl and above limited fresh plant biomass, leaf area per plant, and leaf number.
- Taxon
- lettuce plants
Lactuca sativat0 - Treatment
- 100 mM NaCl and abovee0
- Outcome
- Fresh plant biomass, leaf area per plant, and leaf numbere0
- Direction
- limitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce plants”
e0“Fresh plant biomass, leaf area per plant, and leaf number were limited at 100 mM NaCl and above”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity enhanced leaf temperature, chlorophyll content, and dry matter.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- saline conditionse0
- Outcome
- Leaf temperature, chlorophyll content, dry mattere0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce plants”
e0“Leaf temperature, chlorophyll content, dry matter, turgor loss, and electrolyte leakage were enhanced under saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity enhanced turgor loss and electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- saline conditionse0
- Outcome
- turgor loss, and electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce plants”
e0“turgor loss, and electrolyte leakage were enhanced under saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity diminished leaf relative water content.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- leaf relative water contente0
- Direction
- diminishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce plants”
e0“salinity diminished leaf relative water content”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar KNO3 improved physiological and stomatal traits of salt-affected lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Foliar KNO3 sprayinge0
- Outcome
- physiologic and stomata traitse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce plants”
e0“Foliar KNO3 spraying improved the physiologic and stomata traits of salt-affected lettuce plants rather than plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar KNO3 did not improve plant growth as it did physiological traits.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Foliar KNO3 sprayinge0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce plants”
e0“Foliar KNO3 spraying improved the physiologic and stomata traits of salt-affected lettuce plants rather than plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity increased electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing salinitye0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce plants”
e0“The electrolyte leakage was increased by increasing salinity and KNO3 spraying”
Claim · model-written summary
KNO3 spraying increased electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- KNO3 sprayinge0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce plants”
e0“The electrolyte leakage was increased by increasing salinity and KNO3 spraying”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar KNO3 lowered relative injury.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- foliar KNO3e0
- Outcome
- relative injurye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce plants”
e0“relative injury was lower in the plants treated with foliar KNO3”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased stomata density up to 100 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 100 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- stomata densitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce plants”
e0“An increase in stomata density was detected up to 100 mM NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomata length and width gradually decreased under salinity.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- stomata length and widthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce plants”
e0“stomata length and width were gradually decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity and foliar KNO3 increased stomata number up to 100 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Salinity and foliar KNO3e0
- Outcome
- stomata numbere0
- Direction
- more frequente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce plants”
e0“Salinity and foliar KNO3 resulted in more frequent stomata number up to 100 mM NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomata number was reduced at higher NaCl levels.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- higher NaCl levelse0
- Outcome
- stomata numbere1
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce plants”
e0“it was surprisingly reduced at higher NaCl levels”
e1“Salinity and foliar KNO3 resulted in more frequent stomata number up to 100 mM NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce could grow with irrigation water salinity of 100 mM.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- irrigation water salinity of 100 mMe0
- Outcome
- could grow upe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce plants”
e0“Lettuce plants could grow up with irrigation water salinity of 100 mM”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar KNO3 at 500 mg L−1 could regulate adverse physiological effects of salinity up to 100 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- lettuce plantsLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- foliar KNO3 with 500 mg L−1e0
- Outcome
- adverse effects of salinity on the physiological characteristicse0
- Qualifier
- up to 100 mM NaCle0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“lettuce plants”
e0“foliar KNO3 with 500 mg L−1 could regulate the adverse effects of salinity on the physiological characteristics up to 100 mM NaCl”
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