Abstract
Capsicum has been found to be infested by different insect and mite species. In different growing zones, capsicum fruit borers (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner and Spodoptera litura Fab.) inflict significant crop damage. The purpose of this study was to see how efficient biopesticides are against the capsicum fruit borer. BARI Misti Morich-1 was used in this study. The experiment comprised with five treatments and was laid in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The treatments were: T1=Azadirachtin (Bioneem plus 1 EC @ 1 ml/ L of water), T2=Spinosad (Success 2.5 SC @ 0.3 ml/ L of water), T3=Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt spray @ 2 g/ L of water), T4=Abamectin (Border plus 1.8 EC @ 1 ml/ L of water) and T5=Untreated control. All the treatments were applied at 10 days intervals. During the study period, the maximum weight of healthy fruits plant-1 (876.84 g) was calculated from T2 [Spinosad (Success 2.5 SC)]. On the contrary, the minimum weight of healthy fruits plant-1 (320.26 g) was obtained from control treatment (T5). The least infested fruit weight plant-1 (268.00 g) was recorded from T2 [Spinosad (Success 2.5 SC)]. On the contrary, the maximum weight of infested fruit (284.92 g) was recorded from untreated control (T5). The least percentage of fruit infestation in terms of weight (23.41%) was obtained from the treatment T2 [Spinosad (Success 2.5 SC)] and the maximum fruit infestation (47.08%) was calculated from untreated control (T5). The weight reduction from fruit infestation over control was estimated and the maximum value (58.28%) was obtained from T2 [Spinosad (Success 2.5 SC)], while the minimum (19.74%) reduction of fruit infestation over control was in T1 [Azadirachtin (Bioneem plus 1 EC)] treatment. The highest weight of fruit yield (27.26 t ha⁻¹) was recorded from the treatment T2 [Spinosad (Success 2.5 SC)]. The lowest yield (14.41 t ha⁻¹) of fruit was recorded from untreated control (T5) and was closely (16.71 t ha⁻¹) followed by T1 [Azadirachtin (Bioneem plus 1 EC)]. Treatment T3 (Bacillus thuringiensis (BT spray)) showed higher weight of fruit yield (24.37 t ha⁻¹) but significantly differed from T2 treatment. The weight increase in yield over control was estimated, the highest value (89.17%) was obtained from the treatment T2 [Spinosad (Success 2.5 SC)], while the lowest value was (15.97 %) from the treatment T1 [Azadirachtin (Bioneem plus 1 EC)]. Biopesticides were found to be effective against the Capsicum fruit borer in the study when compared to the other treatments.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad gave the maximum healthy fruit weight per plant (876.84 g), against 320.26 g in control.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuumt0 - Treatment
- Spinosad (Success 2.5 SC)e1
- Interactor
- capsicum fruit borerse3pest
- Outcome
- weight of healthy fruits plant-1e1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 876.84 ge1
- Qualifier
- 320.26 ge2
- Comparator
- control treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the maximum weight of healthy fruits plant-1 (876.84 g) was calculated from T2 [Spinosad (Success 2.5 SC)]”
e2“the minimum weight of healthy fruits plant-1 (320.26 g) was obtained from control treatment (T5)”
e3“capsicum fruit borers (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner and Spodoptera litura Fab.)”
t0“Capsicum annuum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad gave the least infested fruit weight per plant (268.00 g), against 284.92 g in untreated control.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Spinosad (Success 2.5 SC)e1
- Interactor
- capsicum fruit borerse3pest
- Outcome
- infested fruit weight plant-1e1
- Direction
- leaste1
- Value
- 268.00 ge1
- Qualifier
- 284.92 ge2
- Comparator
- untreated controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The least infested fruit weight plant-1 (268.00 g) was recorded from T2 [Spinosad (Success 2.5 SC)]”
e2“the maximum weight of infested fruit (284.92 g) was recorded from untreated control (T5)”
e3“capsicum fruit borers (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner and Spodoptera litura Fab.)”
t0“Capsicum annuum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad gave the least percentage of fruit infestation by weight (23.41%), against 47.08% in untreated control.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Spinosad (Success 2.5 SC)e1
- Interactor
- capsicum fruit borerse3pest
- Outcome
- percentage of fruit infestation in terms of weighte1
- Direction
- leaste1
- Value
- 23.41%e1
- Qualifier
- 47.08%e2
- Comparator
- untreated controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The least percentage of fruit infestation in terms of weight (23.41%) was obtained from the treatment T2 [Spinosad (Success 2.5 SC)]”
e2“the maximum fruit infestation (47.08%) was calculated from untreated control (T5)”
e3“capsicum fruit borers (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner and Spodoptera litura Fab.)”
t0“Capsicum annuum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad gave the maximum weight reduction from fruit infestation over control (58.28%).
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Spinosad (Success 2.5 SC)e1
- Interactor
- capsicum fruit borerse3pest
- Outcome
- weight reduction from fruit infestation over controle1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 58.28%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The weight reduction from fruit infestation over control was estimated and the maximum value (58.28%) was obtained from T2 [Spinosad (Success 2.5 SC)]”
e3“capsicum fruit borers (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner and Spodoptera litura Fab.)”
t0“Capsicum annuum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Azadirachtin gave the minimum weight reduction from fruit infestation over control (19.74%).
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Azadirachtin (Bioneem plus 1 EC)e1
- Interactor
- capsicum fruit borerse3pest
- Outcome
- reduction of fruit infestation over controle1
- Direction
- minimume1
- Value
- 19.74%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the minimum (19.74%) reduction of fruit infestation over control was in T1 [Azadirachtin (Bioneem plus 1 EC)] treatment”
e3“capsicum fruit borers (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner and Spodoptera litura Fab.)”
t0“Capsicum annuum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad gave the highest fruit yield (27.26 t/ha), against 14.41 t/ha in untreated control.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Spinosad (Success 2.5 SC)e1
- Interactor
- capsicum fruit borerse3pest
- Outcome
- weight of fruit yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 27.26 t ha⁻¹e1
- Qualifier
- 14.41 t ha⁻¹e2
- Comparator
- untreated controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The highest weight of fruit yield (27.26 t ha⁻¹) was recorded from the treatment T2 [Spinosad (Success 2.5 SC)]”
e2“The lowest yield (14.41 t ha⁻¹) of fruit was recorded from untreated control (T5)”
e3“capsicum fruit borers (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner and Spodoptera litura Fab.)”
t0“Capsicum annuum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus thuringiensis gave a higher fruit yield (24.37 t/ha) that significantly differed from Spinosad.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Bacillus thuringiensis (BT spray)e1
- Interactor
- capsicum fruit borerse3pest
- Outcome
- weight of fruit yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 24.37 t ha⁻¹e1
- Qualifier
- but significantly differed from T2 treatmente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Treatment T3 (Bacillus thuringiensis (BT spray)) showed higher weight of fruit yield (24.37 t ha⁻¹) but significantly differed from T2 treatment”
e3“capsicum fruit borers (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner and Spodoptera litura Fab.)”
t0“Capsicum annuum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Azadirachtin fruit yield (16.71 t/ha) closely followed the untreated control (14.41 t/ha).
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Azadirachtin (Bioneem plus 1 EC)e1
- Interactor
- capsicum fruit borerse3pest
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- followede1
- Value
- 16.71 t ha⁻¹e1
- Comparator
- untreated controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“and was closely (16.71 t ha⁻¹) followed by T1 [Azadirachtin (Bioneem plus 1 EC)]”
e2“The lowest yield (14.41 t ha⁻¹) of fruit was recorded from untreated control (T5)”
e3“capsicum fruit borers (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner and Spodoptera litura Fab.)”
t0“Capsicum annuum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad gave the highest yield increase over control (89.17%).
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Spinosad (Success 2.5 SC)e1
- Interactor
- capsicum fruit borerse3pest
- Outcome
- weight increase in yield over controle1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 89.17%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The weight increase in yield over control was estimated, the highest value (89.17%) was obtained from the treatment T2 [Spinosad (Success 2.5 SC)]”
e3“capsicum fruit borers (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner and Spodoptera litura Fab.)”
t0“Capsicum annuum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Azadirachtin gave the lowest yield increase over control (15.97%).
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Azadirachtin (Bioneem plus 1 EC)e1
- Interactor
- capsicum fruit borerse3pest
- Outcome
- weight increase in yield over controle2
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 15.97 %e1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“while the lowest value was (15.97 %) from the treatment T1 [Azadirachtin (Bioneem plus 1 EC)]”
e2“The weight increase in yield over control was estimated, the highest value (89.17%) was obtained from the treatment T2 [Spinosad (Success 2.5 SC)]”
e3“capsicum fruit borers (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner and Spodoptera litura Fab.)”
t0“Capsicum annuum L.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.