Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Sweet pepper fruit quality disorders have been related mainly to an unbalanced nutrient supply and non‐optimal growth conditions. Increases in the atmospheric CO 2 concentration ([CO 2 ]) have been associated with a reduction of transpiration, which can affect calcium (Ca) uptake as it is linked closely to water uptake. We investigated whether foliar application of Ca can counterbalance the effects of saline water and elevated [CO 2 ]. RESULTS High CO 2 favoured generative growth instead of vegetative growth. Foliar Ca supply did not affect the marketable yield, but reduced the total yield when combined with salinity and 400 µmol mol −1 CO 2 . Salinity affected negatively the total yield but this was overcome when CO 2 was applied. The B and K concentrations were reduced by foliar Ca application, while Ca and Mn were increased at 400 µmol mol −1 CO 2 . Salinity increased the Mn, Cl, and Na concentrations, regardless of the [CO 2 ], and decreased K at 800 µmol mol −1 CO 2 . The total protein was affected negatively only by elevated [CO 2 ], and the total free amino acid concentration was reduced by all treatments. CONCLUSION The effect of Ca application differed according to the other treatments applied. This procedure should be optimised to overcome future climate impacts on fruit quality. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 favoured generative growth instead of vegetative growth in sweet pepper.
- Taxon
- sweet pepper
Capsicum annuumt0 - Treatment
- High CO 2e1
- Outcome
- generative growthe1
- Direction
- favourede1
- Qualifier
- instead of vegetative growthe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fruit quality of sweet pepper”
e1“High CO 2 favoured generative growth instead of vegetative growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Ca supply did not affect marketable yield in sweet pepper.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar Ca supplye1
- Outcome
- marketable yielde1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fruit quality of sweet pepper”
e1“Foliar Ca supply did not affect the marketable yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Ca supply reduced total yield of sweet pepper when combined with salinity and 400 µmol mol −1 CO2.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar Ca supplye1
- Outcome
- total yielde1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- when combined with salinity and 400 µmol mol −1 CO2e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fruit quality of sweet pepper”
e1“Foliar Ca supply did not affect the marketable yield, but reduced the total yield when combined with salinity and 400 µmol mol −1 CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced total yield of sweet pepper.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye2
- Outcome
- total yielde2
- Direction
- affected negativelye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fruit quality of sweet pepper”
e2“Salinity affected negatively the total yield but this was overcome when CO 2 was applied”
Claim · model-written summary
The salinity-related reduction in total yield was overcome when CO2 was applied.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- CO 2e2
- Outcome
- total yielde2
- Direction
- overcomee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fruit quality of sweet pepper”
e2“Salinity affected negatively the total yield but this was overcome when CO 2 was applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Ca application reduced B and K concentrations in sweet pepper.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- foliar Ca applicatione3
- Outcome
- B and K concentrationse3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fruit quality of sweet pepper”
e3“The B and K concentrations were reduced by foliar Ca application”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca and Mn concentrations were increased at 400 µmol mol −1 CO2 in sweet pepper.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- 400 µmol mol −1 CO2e4
- Outcome
- Ca and Mne4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fruit quality of sweet pepper”
e4“Ca and Mn were increased at 400 µmol mol −1 CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased Mn, Cl and Na concentrations in sweet pepper regardless of CO2 level.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye5
- Outcome
- Mn, Cl, and Na concentrationse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- regardless of the [CO 2 ]e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fruit quality of sweet pepper”
e5“Salinity increased the Mn, Cl, and Na concentrations, regardless of the [CO 2 ], and decreased K at 800 µmol mol −1 CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased K concentration in sweet pepper at 800 µmol mol −1 CO2.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye5
- Outcome
- Ke5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Qualifier
- 800 µmol mol −1 CO2e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fruit quality of sweet pepper”
e5“Salinity increased the Mn, Cl, and Na concentrations, regardless of the [CO 2 ], and decreased K at 800 µmol mol −1 CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 affected total protein of sweet pepper negatively.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO 2]e6
- Outcome
- total proteine6
- Direction
- affected negativelye6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fruit quality of sweet pepper”
e6“The total protein was affected negatively only by elevated [CO 2]”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments reduced the total free amino acid concentration of sweet pepper.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse7
- Outcome
- total free amino acid concentratione7
- Direction
- reducede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fruit quality of sweet pepper”
e7“the total free amino acid concentration was reduced by all treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of Ca application differed according to the other treatments applied.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Ca applicatione1
- Outcome
- effect of Ca applicatione1
- Direction
- differede1
- Qualifier
- according to the other treatments appliede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fruit quality of sweet pepper”
e1“The effect of Ca application differed according to the other treatments applied”
Claim · model-written summary
The foliar Ca procedure should be optimised to overcome future climate impacts on sweet pepper fruit quality.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Outcome
- procedure should be optimisede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fruit quality of sweet pepper”
e1“This procedure should be optimised to overcome future climate impacts on fruit quality”
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