Abstract
Shifting from conventional transplanting to direct seeding of rice is an alternative option to save irrigation water and reduce labor cost. Weeds are one of the major challenges in direct seeding. Field experiments in split-plot design were conducted to evaluate the effects of different water and weed management modes on the weed density, grain yield, and water productivity of direct wet-seeded rice during two dry seasons (DSs) in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. Three water management (W) modes were used: continuous flooding (CF); safe alternate wetting and drying (AWD); and modified CF (mCF). The four weed management (M) modes were: unweeded (UW); hand-weeding at 21 and 42 days after seeding [DAS] (HW); application of pre-emergence herbicide [pretilachlor] at 5 DAS (PR); and application of post-emergence herbicide [bispyribac sodium] at 15 DAS (PO). M modes showed significant effects (p < 0.05) on the weed density and grain yields in both years, with UW obtaining the lowest grain yield and highest weed density. No significant differences in grain yields were noted among weed control treatments. They only increased grain yields by 18–52% relative to UW. HW and PR treatments showed maximum yields. The W modes did not affect the grain yields nor the weed density, but water productivity was highest in AWD in both years. The higher grain yield and lower total water input in AWD maximized water productivity relative to the conventional practice of CF.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Unweeded plots (UW) had the lowest grain yield among weed management modes.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- weed managemente0
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Comparator
- UWe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of Water and Weed Management on the Weed Density, Grain Yield, and Water Productivity of Wet-seeded Rice”
e0“evaluate the effects of different water and weed management modes”
e1“M modes showed significant effects (p < 0.05) on the weed density and grain yields in both years, with UW obtaining the lowest grain yield and highest weed density”
Claim · model-written summary
Unweeded plots (UW) had the highest weed density among weed management modes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- weed managemente0
- Outcome
- weed densitye1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- UWe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of Water and Weed Management on the Weed Density, Grain Yield, and Water Productivity of Wet-seeded Rice”
e0“evaluate the effects of different water and weed management modes”
e1“M modes showed significant effects (p < 0.05) on the weed density and grain yields in both years, with UW obtaining the lowest grain yield and highest weed density”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand-weeding (HW) gave maximum yields.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- HWe2
- Outcome
- yieldse2
- Direction
- maximume2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of Water and Weed Management on the Weed Density, Grain Yield, and Water Productivity of Wet-seeded Rice”
e2“HW and PR treatments showed maximum yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-emergence herbicide (PR) gave maximum yields.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PRe2
- Outcome
- yieldse2
- Direction
- maximume2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of Water and Weed Management on the Weed Density, Grain Yield, and Water Productivity of Wet-seeded Rice”
e2“HW and PR treatments showed maximum yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control increased grain yields by 18–52% relative to unweeded plots (UW).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- weed controle4
- Outcome
- grain yieldse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 18–52%e3
- Comparator
- UWe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of Water and Weed Management on the Weed Density, Grain Yield, and Water Productivity of Wet-seeded Rice”
e3“They only increased grain yields by 18–52% relative to UW”
e4“No significant differences in grain yields were noted among weed control treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yields did not differ significantly among weed control treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- weed controle4
- Outcome
- grain yieldse4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of Water and Weed Management on the Weed Density, Grain Yield, and Water Productivity of Wet-seeded Rice”
e4“No significant differences in grain yields were noted among weed control treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Water management modes did not affect grain yields or weed density.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- W modese5
- Outcome
- grain yieldse5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of Water and Weed Management on the Weed Density, Grain Yield, and Water Productivity of Wet-seeded Rice”
e5“The W modes did not affect the grain yields nor the weed density”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) gave the highest water productivity in both years.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe6
- Outcome
- water productivitye6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Comparator
- conventional practice of CFe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of Water and Weed Management on the Weed Density, Grain Yield, and Water Productivity of Wet-seeded Rice”
e6“water productivity was highest in AWD in both years”
e7“maximized water productivity relative to the conventional practice of CF”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher grain yield and lower total water input in AWD explain its higher water productivity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- water productivitye7
- Qualifier
- higher grain yield and lower total water inpute7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of Water and Weed Management on the Weed Density, Grain Yield, and Water Productivity of Wet-seeded Rice”
e7“The higher grain yield and lower total water input in AWD maximized water productivity”
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See all 802 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.