Abstract
Precision fertilization is a promising mitigation strategy to reduce environmental impacts of N-fertilization, but the effective benefits of variable-rate fertilization have not yet been fully demonstrated. We evaluated the short-term response (23 days) of GHGs emissions following variable-rate fertilization on barley. Yields, biomass (grains + straw) and different N-use indicators (N uptake, grain protein concentration, recovery efficiency, physiological efficiency, partial factor productivity of applied nutrient, agronomic efficiency and N surplus) were compared. Four N fertilization treatments were performed: (i) conventional– 150 kg ha−1; (ii) variable with granular fertilizer; (iii) variable with foliar liquid supplement; (iv) no fertilization. According to proximal sensing analysis (Greenseeker Handheld) and crop needs, both variable-rate treatments accounted for 35 kg N ha−1. Cumulative GHGs emissions were not significantly different, leading to the conclusion that the sensor-based N application might not be a GHGs mitigation strategy in current experimental conditions. Results showed that both site-specific fertilizations ensured the maintenance of high yields with a significant N rate reduction (approximately by 75%) and a N use improvement. Variable-rate N fertilization, due to similar yields (~6 tons ha−1) than conventional fertilization and higher protein content in foliar treatment (14%), confirms its effectiveness to manage N during the later phases of growing season.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Cumulative GHG emissions under sensor-based N application were not significantly different from conventional fertilization in barley.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- sensor-based N applicatione1
- Outcome
- Cumulative GHGs emissionse1
- Direction
- not significantly differente1
- Comparator
- conventionale2
- Setting
- current experimental conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“following variable-rate fertilization on barley”
e1“Cumulative GHGs emissions were not significantly different, leading to the conclusion that the sensor-based N application might not be a GHGs mitigation strategy in current experimental conditions”
e2“Four N fertilization treatments were performed: (i) conventional– 150 kg ha−1; (ii) variable with granular fertilizer; (iii) variable with foliar liquid supplement; (iv) no fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Both site-specific fertilizations maintained high barley yields relative to conventional fertilization.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- site-specific fertilizationse3
- Outcome
- high yieldse3
- Direction
- maintenancee3
- Comparator
- conventionale2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“following variable-rate fertilization on barley”
e2“Four N fertilization treatments were performed: (i) conventional– 150 kg ha−1; (ii) variable with granular fertilizer; (iii) variable with foliar liquid supplement; (iv) no fertilization”
e3“Results showed that both site-specific fertilizations ensured the maintenance of high yields with a significant N rate reduction (approximately by 75%) and a N use improvement”
Claim · model-written summary
Site-specific fertilizations reduced the barley N rate by approximately 75% relative to conventional fertilization.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- site-specific fertilizationse3
- Outcome
- N ratee3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Value
- approximately by 75%e3
- Comparator
- conventionale2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“following variable-rate fertilization on barley”
e2“Four N fertilization treatments were performed: (i) conventional– 150 kg ha−1; (ii) variable with granular fertilizer; (iii) variable with foliar liquid supplement; (iv) no fertilization”
e3“Results showed that both site-specific fertilizations ensured the maintenance of high yields with a significant N rate reduction (approximately by 75%) and a N use improvement”
Claim · model-written summary
Site-specific fertilizations improved N use in barley relative to conventional fertilization.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- site-specific fertilizationse3
- Outcome
- N usee3
- Direction
- improvemente3
- Comparator
- conventionale2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“following variable-rate fertilization on barley”
e2“Four N fertilization treatments were performed: (i) conventional– 150 kg ha−1; (ii) variable with granular fertilizer; (iii) variable with foliar liquid supplement; (iv) no fertilization”
e3“Results showed that both site-specific fertilizations ensured the maintenance of high yields with a significant N rate reduction (approximately by 75%) and a N use improvement”
Claim · model-written summary
Variable-rate N fertilization gave barley yields similar to conventional fertilization, about 6 t/ha.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Variable-rate N fertilizatione4
- Outcome
- yieldse4
- Direction
- similare4
- Value
- ~6 tons ha−1e4
- Comparator
- conventional fertilizatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“following variable-rate fertilization on barley”
e4“Variable-rate N fertilization, due to similar yields (~6 tons ha−1) than conventional fertilization and higher protein content in foliar treatment (14%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley grain protein content was higher in the foliar variable-rate treatment (14%).
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- foliar treatmente4
- Outcome
- protein contente4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 14%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“following variable-rate fertilization on barley”
e4“Variable-rate N fertilization, due to similar yields (~6 tons ha−1) than conventional fertilization and higher protein content in foliar treatment (14%)”
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