Abstract
Heavy metals are one of important environmental pollutants and their toxicity is a great problem for plant growth. Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal toxic ion which accumulate in the soil because of consequence of human activities. Plants own strategies to control the concentration of metal ions inside the cell to minimize the possible harm that could cause by subjected to nonessential metal ions. However, accumulation of cadmium concentration in the plant cells led to frail its resistance. In this study, grains of barley (Hordeum vulgare) were exposed to two Cd concentrations (150 and 300 ppm) against untreated control. Cadmium treatment caused a reduction in plant length, growth, the inhibition of chlorophyll content due to indirect Cd effects on the content of essential nutrients and osmoprotectants, including soluble sugars (SS), soluble proteins (SP), total free amino acids (TAA) and higher accumulation in proline contents. Excessive cadmium accumulation increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in leaves disrupting cell membrane. Data of the present study indicated that the usage of banana compost as biofertilizers alleviated the drastic effect of cadmium stress in barley plants as it promoted the growth performance, enhanced photosynthetic pigments, SS, SP and TFA and reduced proline. Banana compost balanced the absorption and translocation of mineral homeostasis from roots to shoots. Results indicated also that compost supplementation reduced lipid peroxidation. Our results may help shed light on plant adaptation to cadmium stress using different organic fertilizers, however different plant species still need further research.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced barley plant length and growth.
- Taxon
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Treatment
- Cadmium treatmente0
- Outcome
- plant length, growthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium treatment caused a reduction in plant length, growth”
e1“grains of barley (Hordeum vulgare) were exposed to two Cd concentrations (150 and 300 ppm) against untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium inhibited chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)Hordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Cadmium treatmente0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium treatment caused a reduction in plant length, growth, the inhibition of chlorophyll content”
e1“grains of barley (Hordeum vulgare) were exposed to two Cd concentrations (150 and 300 ppm) against untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium affected essential nutrients and osmoprotectants including soluble sugars, proteins and amino acids.
- Taxon
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)Hordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- content of essential nutrients and osmoprotectantse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“due to indirect Cd effects on the content of essential nutrients and osmoprotectants, including soluble sugars (SS), soluble proteins (SP), total free amino acids (TAA)”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased proline content.
- Taxon
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)Hordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- proline contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher accumulation in proline contents”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess cadmium increased leaf malondialdehyde.
- Taxon
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)Hordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- cadmiume0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) levele0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessive cadmium accumulation increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in leaves”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Banana compost promoted barley growth under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- banana composte0
- Outcome
- growth performancee0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“usage of banana compost as biofertilizers alleviated the drastic effect of cadmium stress in barley plants as it promoted the growth performance”
Claim · model-written summary
Banana compost enhanced photosynthetic pigments under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)Hordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced photosynthetic pigments, SS, SP and TFA”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Banana compost enhanced soluble sugars, proteins and TFA under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)Hordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- SS, SP and TFAe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced photosynthetic pigments, SS, SP and TFA”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Banana compost reduced proline under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)Hordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced proline”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Banana compost balanced mineral absorption and translocation from roots to shoots.
- Taxon
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)Hordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Banana composte0
- Outcome
- absorption and translocation of mineral homeostasise0
- Direction
- balancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Banana compost balanced the absorption and translocation of mineral homeostasis from roots to shoots”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost supplementation reduced lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)Hordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- compost supplementatione0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compost supplementation reduced lipid peroxidation”
t0“barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
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