Abstract
Low nutrient retention and soil organic matter depletion are the major challenges of the cropping system in the sandy loam soils of Northern Lombok, Indonesia. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of biochar-based organic amendments on the soil quality of sandy loam soils under cassava (Manihot Esculenta, Crants)–peanut (Arachis Hypogeae L.) cropping sequence. The treatments were as follows: biochar (10 ton ha-1) and rice straw (3 ton ha-1) (B1); biochar (10 ton ha-1), cattle manure (10 ton ha-1), and rice straw (3 ton ha-1) (B2); biochar (10 ton ha-1) and cattle manure (10 ton ha-1) (B3); biochar (10 ton ha-1) and cattle manure (10 ton ha-1) plus rice straw mulch (3 ton ha-1) applied on surface soils (B4), and without organic amendments (B0) as control. Results showed that the biochar-based organic amendments significantly improved several soil quality indicators such as SOC, total N, available P, Ca, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), and aggregate stability but had no significant effect on pH, K, and Mg. Improvement in soil quality was strongly indicated by an increase in the growth and yield of cassava and peanuts. Treatments B1, B2, B3, and B4 generally had a comparable effect on soil parameters and tended to improve the growth and yield of cassava and peanuts. Cassava was responsive to treatments B2 (biochar, cattle manure, and rice straw) and B3 (biochar and cattle manure) with its actual yield of 27 tons ha−1, which is a 40% increase compared with that in the control. As a secondary crop growing after cassava, peanuts also exhibited higher yields in all amended plots compared with that in the control. The highest yield was obtained in B2 (1.38 ton ha−1), followed by B4 (1.36 ton ha−1), B1 (1.33 ton ha−1), and B3 (1.25 ton ha−1). In conclusion, the incorporation of biochar, cattle manure, and crop residues (rice straw) into soils is a promising option to maintain soil quality and sustainably produce cassava and peanuts in the sandy loam soils of the semi-arid tropics of Lombok, Indonesia.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar-based organic amendments significantly improved soil quality indicators (SOC, total N, available P, Ca, CEC, aggregate stability) relative to unamended plots in a cassava-peanut field experiment.
- Taxon
- cassava
Manihot esculentae1 - Treatment
- biochar-based organic amendmentse2
- Outcome
- SOC, total N, available P, Ca, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), and aggregate stabilitye2
- Direction
- significantly improvede2
- Comparator
- without organic amendments (B0)e3
- Setting
- field experimente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of biochar-based organic amendments on the soil quality of sandy loam soils under cassava (Manihot Esculenta, Crants)–peanut (Arachis Hypogeae L.) cropping sequence”
e2“Results showed that the biochar-based organic amendments significantly improved several soil quality indicators such as SOC, total N, available P, Ca, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), and aggregate stability but had no significant effect on pH, K, and Mg”
e3“without organic amendments (B0) as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar-based organic amendments had no significant effect on soil pH, K and Mg.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae1
- Treatment
- biochar-based organic amendmentse2
- Outcome
- pH, K, and Mge2
- Direction
- no significant effecte2
- Comparator
- without organic amendments (B0)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of biochar-based organic amendments on the soil quality of sandy loam soils under cassava (Manihot Esculenta, Crants)–peanut (Arachis Hypogeae L.) cropping sequence”
e2“Results showed that the biochar-based organic amendments significantly improved several soil quality indicators such as SOC, total N, available P, Ca, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), and aggregate stability but had no significant effect on pH, K, and Mg”
e3“without organic amendments (B0) as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth and yield of cassava and peanuts increased with soil quality improvement under the amendments.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae1
- Treatment
- biochar-based organic amendmentse2
- Outcome
- growth and yielde4
- Direction
- an increasee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of biochar-based organic amendments on the soil quality of sandy loam soils under cassava (Manihot Esculenta, Crants)–peanut (Arachis Hypogeae L.) cropping sequence”
e2“Results showed that the biochar-based organic amendments significantly improved several soil quality indicators such as SOC, total N, available P, Ca, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), and aggregate stability but had no significant effect on pH, K, and Mg”
e4“Improvement in soil quality was strongly indicated by an increase in the growth and yield of cassava and peanuts”
Claim · model-written summary
Cassava actual yield under B2 and B3 was 27 tons ha−1, a 40% increase over the control.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae1
- Treatment
- B2 (biochar, cattle manure, and rice straw) and B3 (biochar and cattle manure)e5
- Outcome
- actual yielde5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Value
- 40%e5
- Qualifier
- 27 tons ha−1e5
- Comparator
- the controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of biochar-based organic amendments on the soil quality of sandy loam soils under cassava (Manihot Esculenta, Crants)–peanut (Arachis Hypogeae L.) cropping sequence”
e5“Cassava was responsive to treatments B2 (biochar, cattle manure, and rice straw) and B3 (biochar and cattle manure) with its actual yield of 27 tons ha−1, which is a 40% increase compared with that in the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut yields were higher in all amended plots than in the control.
- Taxon
- peanuts
Arachis hypogaeae6 - Treatment
- all amended plotse6
- Outcome
- yieldse6
- Direction
- highere6
- Comparator
- the controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of biochar-based organic amendments on the soil quality of sandy loam soils under cassava (Manihot Esculenta, Crants)–peanut (Arachis Hypogeae L.) cropping sequence”
e6“As a secondary crop growing after cassava, peanuts also exhibited higher yields in all amended plots compared with that in the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest peanut yield was obtained under B2 (1.38 ton ha−1).
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“As a secondary crop growing after cassava, peanuts also exhibited higher yields in all amended plots compared with that in the control”
e7“The highest yield was obtained in B2 (1.38 ton ha−1), followed by B4 (1.36 ton ha−1), B1 (1.33 ton ha−1), and B3 (1.25 ton ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut yields under B4 followed B2, with 1.36 ton ha−1, then B1 and B3 at 1.33 and 1.25 ton ha−1.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeae6
- Treatment
- B4e7
- Outcome
- yielde7
- Direction
- followed bye7
- Value
- 1.36 ton ha−1e7
- Qualifier
- B1 (1.33 ton ha−1), and B3 (1.25 ton ha−1)e7
- Comparator
- B2e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“As a secondary crop growing after cassava, peanuts also exhibited higher yields in all amended plots compared with that in the control”
e7“The highest yield was obtained in B2 (1.38 ton ha−1), followed by B4 (1.36 ton ha−1), B1 (1.33 ton ha−1), and B3 (1.25 ton ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments B1 to B4 tended to improve cassava and peanut growth and yield.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae1
- Treatment
- Treatments B1, B2, B3, and B4e2
- Outcome
- growth and yielde2
- Direction
- tended to improvee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of biochar-based organic amendments on the soil quality of sandy loam soils under cassava (Manihot Esculenta, Crants)–peanut (Arachis Hypogeae L.) cropping sequence”
e2“Treatments B1, B2, B3, and B4 generally had a comparable effect on soil parameters and tended to improve the growth and yield of cassava and peanuts”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments B1 to B4 had a comparable effect on soil parameters.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae1
- Outcome
- soil parameterse2
- Qualifier
- a comparable effecte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of biochar-based organic amendments on the soil quality of sandy loam soils under cassava (Manihot Esculenta, Crants)–peanut (Arachis Hypogeae L.) cropping sequence”
e2“Treatments B1, B2, B3, and B4 generally had a comparable effect on soil parameters and tended to improve the growth and yield of cassava and peanuts”
Claim · model-written summary
Incorporating biochar, cattle manure and rice straw into soils is a promising option to maintain soil quality and sustainably produce cassava and peanuts.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae1
- Treatment
- biochar, cattle manure, and crop residues (rice straw)e2
- Outcome
- maintain soil quality and sustainably produce cassava and peanutse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of biochar-based organic amendments on the soil quality of sandy loam soils under cassava (Manihot Esculenta, Crants)–peanut (Arachis Hypogeae L.) cropping sequence”
e2“the incorporation of biochar, cattle manure, and crop residues (rice straw) into soils is a promising option to maintain soil quality and sustainably produce cassava and peanuts”
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