Abstract
An experiment was conducted with naturally infested soil of root-knot nematode 2 J2s/g soil to assess the induction of defence enzymes peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by oil cakes against M. incognita in a susceptible variety of chilli. Application of oil cakes castor, mahua, karanj and mustard were added to soil each @ 2.5 and 5.0 q/ha and neem cake @ 5.0 q/ha as a standard check. The role of selected oil-cakes in enzymatic activity was assayed in chilli roots infested with the root-knot nematode M. incognita. Application of oil-cakes increased the level of PO, PPO, PAL and SOD in chilli roots. Among all the treatments application of mustard cake @ 5.0 q/ha was found to be the best treatments to enhance enzymatic activity. However, standard check Neem cake @ 5.0 q/ha was found the best treatment to increase the enzyme activity against M. incognita in chilli roots. The enzyme activity showed gradual increase from 7 DAI to 28 DAI in plant roots treated with oil-cakes as compared to untreated ones. The lowest enzyme activity in among enzymes was recorded at 60 DAI in untreated control plant roots. Among enzymes the PO was found highest in chilli roots during different time of observations followed by SOD, while PPO and PAL were observed in low quantity.Among all the treatments application of mustard cake @ 5.0 q/hawas found the best treatments to improve plant growth character. As regard to nematode reproduction, mustard cake @ 5.0 q/ha soil proved best treatment in reducing number of galls per plant (20.33), number of egg masses per plant (14.50), number of eggs per egg mass (87.33), nematode population/200cc soil (203.50) and total nematode population of M. incognita (2283.83) in chilli.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Oil-cakes increased the levels of PO, PPO and PAL in chilli roots relative to untreated plants.
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Material
- susceptible varietye0
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- oil-cakese1
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pathogen - Outcome
- level of PO, PPO, PALe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- untreated onese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“to assess the induction of defence enzymes peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by oil cakes against M. incognita in a susceptible variety of chilli”
e1“Application of oil-cakes increased the level of PO, PPO, PAL and SOD in chilli roots”
e2“The enzyme activity showed gradual increase from 7 DAI to 28 DAI in plant roots treated with oil-cakes as compared to untreated ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil-cakes increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in chilli roots relative to untreated plants.
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Material
- susceptible varietye0
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- oil-cakese1
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- SODe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- untreated onese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to assess the induction of defence enzymes peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by oil cakes against M. incognita in a susceptible variety of chilli”
e1“Application of oil-cakes increased the level of PO, PPO, PAL and SOD in chilli roots”
e2“The enzyme activity showed gradual increase from 7 DAI to 28 DAI in plant roots treated with oil-cakes as compared to untreated ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Mustard cake at 5.0 q/ha was the best of all treatments for enhancing enzymatic activity in chilli.
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Treatment
- mustard cake @ 5.0 q/hae1
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- enzymatic activitye1
- Direction
- enhancee1
- Comparator
- all the treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to assess the induction of defence enzymes peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by oil cakes against M. incognita in a susceptible variety of chilli”
e1“Among all the treatments application of mustard cake @ 5.0 q/ha was found to be the best treatments to enhance enzymatic activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem cake at 5.0 q/ha was the best treatment for increasing enzyme activity against M. incognita in chilli roots.
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Treatment
- Neem cake @ 5.0 q/hae0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“standard check Neem cake @ 5.0 q/ha was found the best treatment to increase the enzyme activity against M. incognita in chilli roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Enzyme activity in chilli roots showed a gradual increase from 7 to 28 DAI under oil-cake treatment compared with untreated plants.
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Organ / stage
- plant rootse1
- Treatment
- oil-cakese1
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- enzyme activitye1
- Direction
- gradual increasee1
- Qualifier
- from 7 DAI to 28 DAIe1
- Comparator
- untreated onese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to assess the induction of defence enzymes peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by oil cakes against M. incognita in a susceptible variety of chilli”
e1“The enzyme activity showed gradual increase from 7 DAI to 28 DAI in plant roots treated with oil-cakes as compared to untreated ones”
Claim · model-written summary
The lowest enzyme activity in chilli roots was recorded at 60 DAI in untreated control plants.
Verbatim
e0“to assess the induction of defence enzymes peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by oil cakes against M. incognita in a susceptible variety of chilli”
e1“The lowest enzyme activity in among enzymes was recorded at 60 DAI in untreated control plant roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Among the enzymes, PO was the highest in chilli roots, followed by SOD.
Verbatim
e0“to assess the induction of defence enzymes peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by oil cakes against M. incognita in a susceptible variety of chilli”
e1“Among enzymes the PO was found highest in chilli roots during different time of observations followed by SOD, while PPO and PAL were observed in low quantity”
Claim · model-written summary
PPO and PAL were observed in low quantity in chilli roots.
Verbatim
e0“to assess the induction of defence enzymes peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by oil cakes against M. incognita in a susceptible variety of chilli”
e1“Among enzymes the PO was found highest in chilli roots during different time of observations followed by SOD, while PPO and PAL were observed in low quantity”
Claim · model-written summary
Mustard cake was the best of all treatments for improving plant growth in chilli.
Verbatim
e0“to assess the induction of defence enzymes peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by oil cakes against M. incognita in a susceptible variety of chilli”
e1“Among all the treatments application of mustard cake @ 5.0 q/hawas found the best treatments to improve plant growth character”
Claim · model-written summary
Mustard cake at 5.0 q/ha reduced the number of galls per plant in chilli, to 20.33.
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Treatment
- mustard cake @ 5.0 q/hae1
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- number of galls per plante1
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Value
- 20.33e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to assess the induction of defence enzymes peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by oil cakes against M. incognita in a susceptible variety of chilli”
e1“mustard cake @ 5.0 q/ha soil proved best treatment in reducing number of galls per plant (20.33)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mustard cake at 5.0 q/ha reduced the number of egg masses per plant in chilli, to 14.50.
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Treatment
- mustard cake @ 5.0 q/hae1
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- number of egg masses per plante2
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Value
- 14.50e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to assess the induction of defence enzymes peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by oil cakes against M. incognita in a susceptible variety of chilli”
e1“mustard cake @ 5.0 q/ha soil proved best treatment in reducing number of galls per plant (20.33)”
e2“number of egg masses per plant (14.50)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mustard cake at 5.0 q/ha reduced the number of eggs per egg mass in chilli, to 87.33.
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Treatment
- mustard cake @ 5.0 q/hae1
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- number of eggs per egg masse2
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Value
- 87.33e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to assess the induction of defence enzymes peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by oil cakes against M. incognita in a susceptible variety of chilli”
e1“mustard cake @ 5.0 q/ha soil proved best treatment in reducing number of galls per plant (20.33)”
e2“number of eggs per egg mass (87.33)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mustard cake at 5.0 q/ha reduced the nematode population in 200 cc soil, to 203.50.
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Treatment
- mustard cake @ 5.0 q/hae1
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- nematode population/200cc soile2
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Value
- 203.50e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to assess the induction of defence enzymes peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by oil cakes against M. incognita in a susceptible variety of chilli”
e1“mustard cake @ 5.0 q/ha soil proved best treatment in reducing number of galls per plant (20.33)”
e2“nematode population/200cc soil (203.50)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mustard cake at 5.0 q/ha reduced the total M. incognita population in chilli, to 2283.83.
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Treatment
- mustard cake @ 5.0 q/hae1
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- total nematode population of M. incognitae2
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Value
- 2283.83e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to assess the induction of defence enzymes peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by oil cakes against M. incognita in a susceptible variety of chilli”
e1“mustard cake @ 5.0 q/ha soil proved best treatment in reducing number of galls per plant (20.33)”
e2“total nematode population of M. incognita (2283.83) in chilli”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · Meloidogyne incognita · Capsicum (peppers)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.