Abstract
BACKGROUND: Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on plant growth and development, especially under biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the mechanisms of SiNPs-mediated plant growth strengthening are still unclear, especially under field condition. In this study, we evaluated the effect of SiNPs on the growth and sugar and hormone metabolisms of wheat in the field. RESULTS: SiNPs increased tillers and elongated internodes by 66.7% and 27.4%, respectively, resulting in a larger biomass. SiNPs can increase the net photosynthetic rate by increasing total chlorophyll contents. We speculated that SiNPs can regulate the growth of leaves and stems, partly by regulating the metabolisms of plant hormones and soluble sugar. Specifically, SiNPs can increase auxin (IAA) and fructose contents, which can promote wheat growth directly or indirectly. Furthermore, SiNPs increased the expression levels of key pathway genes related to soluble sugars (SPS, SUS, and α-glucosidase), chlorophyll (CHLH, CAO, and POR), IAA (TIR1), and abscisic acid (ABA) (PYR/PYL, PP2C, SnRK2, and ABF), whereas the expression levels of genes related to CTKs (IPT) was decreased after SiNPs treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that SiNPs can promote wheat growth and provides a theoretical foundation for the application of SiNPs in field conditions.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Silica nanoparticles increased wheat tiller number by 66.7%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- SiNPse1
- Outcome
- tillerse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 66.7%e1
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we evaluated the effect of SiNPs on the growth and sugar and hormone metabolisms of wheat in the field”
e1“SiNPs increased tillers and elongated internodes by 66.7% and 27.4%, respectively, resulting in a larger biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica nanoparticles elongated wheat internodes by 27.4%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SiNPse1
- Outcome
- internodese1
- Direction
- elongatede1
- Value
- 27.4%e1
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we evaluated the effect of SiNPs on the growth and sugar and hormone metabolisms of wheat in the field”
e1“SiNPs increased tillers and elongated internodes by 66.7% and 27.4%, respectively, resulting in a larger biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica nanoparticles resulted in a larger wheat biomass.
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we evaluated the effect of SiNPs on the growth and sugar and hormone metabolisms of wheat in the field”
e1“SiNPs increased tillers and elongated internodes by 66.7% and 27.4%, respectively, resulting in a larger biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica nanoparticles can increase the net photosynthetic rate of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SiNPse2
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee2
- Direction
- increasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we evaluated the effect of SiNPs on the growth and sugar and hormone metabolisms of wheat in the field”
e2“SiNPs can increase the net photosynthetic rate by increasing total chlorophyll contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica nanoparticles increased total chlorophyll contents of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SiNPse2
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contentse2
- Direction
- increasinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we evaluated the effect of SiNPs on the growth and sugar and hormone metabolisms of wheat in the field”
e2“SiNPs can increase the net photosynthetic rate by increasing total chlorophyll contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica nanoparticles may regulate wheat leaf and stem growth partly through plant hormone and soluble sugar metabolism.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- growth of leaves and stemse3
- Qualifier
- partly by regulating the metabolisms of plant hormones and soluble sugare3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we evaluated the effect of SiNPs on the growth and sugar and hormone metabolisms of wheat in the field”
e3“We speculated that SiNPs can regulate the growth of leaves and stems, partly by regulating the metabolisms of plant hormones and soluble sugar”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin (IAA) and fructose may promote wheat growth directly or indirectly.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Compound
- auxin (IAA) and fructosee4
- Outcome
- wheat growthe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we evaluated the effect of SiNPs on the growth and sugar and hormone metabolisms of wheat in the field”
e4“SiNPs can increase auxin (IAA) and fructose contents, which can promote wheat growth directly or indirectly”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica nanoparticles increased auxin (IAA) and fructose contents in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SiNPse4
- Outcome
- auxin (IAA) and fructose contentse4
- Direction
- increasee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we evaluated the effect of SiNPs on the growth and sugar and hormone metabolisms of wheat in the field”
e4“SiNPs can increase auxin (IAA) and fructose contents, which can promote wheat growth directly or indirectly”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica nanoparticles increased expression of soluble sugar pathway genes SPS, SUS and alpha-glucosidase in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SiNPse5
- Gene
- SPS, SUS, and α-glucosidasee5
- Outcome
- expression levelse5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we evaluated the effect of SiNPs on the growth and sugar and hormone metabolisms of wheat in the field”
e5“SiNPs increased the expression levels of key pathway genes related to soluble sugars (SPS, SUS, and α-glucosidase)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica nanoparticles increased expression of chlorophyll pathway genes CHLH, CAO and POR in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SiNPse6
- Gene
- CHLH, CAO, and PORe6
- Outcome
- expression levelse6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we evaluated the effect of SiNPs on the growth and sugar and hormone metabolisms of wheat in the field”
e6“SiNPs increased the expression levels of key pathway genes related to soluble sugars (SPS, SUS, and α-glucosidase), chlorophyll (CHLH, CAO, and POR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica nanoparticles increased expression of the auxin pathway gene TIR1 in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SiNPse7
- Gene
- TIR1e7
- Outcome
- expression levelse7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we evaluated the effect of SiNPs on the growth and sugar and hormone metabolisms of wheat in the field”
e7“SiNPs increased the expression levels of key pathway genes related to soluble sugars (SPS, SUS, and α-glucosidase), chlorophyll (CHLH, CAO, and POR), IAA (TIR1), and abscisic acid (ABA) (PYR/PYL, PP2C, SnRK2, and ABF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica nanoparticles increased expression of abscisic acid pathway genes PYR/PYL, PP2C and SnRK2 in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SiNPse7
- Gene
- PYR/PYL, PP2C, SnRK2e7
- Outcome
- expression levelse7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we evaluated the effect of SiNPs on the growth and sugar and hormone metabolisms of wheat in the field”
e7“SiNPs increased the expression levels of key pathway genes related to soluble sugars (SPS, SUS, and α-glucosidase), chlorophyll (CHLH, CAO, and POR), IAA (TIR1), and abscisic acid (ABA) (PYR/PYL, PP2C, SnRK2, and ABF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica nanoparticles increased expression of the abscisic acid pathway gene ABF in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SiNPse7
- Gene
- ABFe7
- Outcome
- expression levelse7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we evaluated the effect of SiNPs on the growth and sugar and hormone metabolisms of wheat in the field”
e7“SiNPs increased the expression levels of key pathway genes related to soluble sugars (SPS, SUS, and α-glucosidase), chlorophyll (CHLH, CAO, and POR), IAA (TIR1), and abscisic acid (ABA) (PYR/PYL, PP2C, SnRK2, and ABF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica nanoparticles decreased expression of the cytokinin pathway gene IPT in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SiNPs treatmente7
- Gene
- IPTe7
- Outcome
- expression levelse7
- Direction
- decreasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we evaluated the effect of SiNPs on the growth and sugar and hormone metabolisms of wheat in the field”
e7“whereas the expression levels of genes related to CTKs (IPT) was decreased after SiNPs treatment”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.