Abstract
Livestock feeding in Burkina Faso is characterized by a recurrent deficit in both the quality and the quantity of fodder during the dry season, which affects animal performance. To overcome this, quality fodder/forage production is an alternative. Therefore, this study evaluated food- and feed-improved cultivars of maize and cowpea in intercropping trials using the “mother and baby trials” approach with crop–livestock farmers. The mother trial comprised a randomized block design with eight treatments and four replicates: two cowpea (KVx745-11P and Tiligré) and two maize cultivars (Barka and Espoir), and grown under two cropping systems (monoculture and intercropping). Baby trials were established on-farm and involved 30 farmers during two seasons (2019 and 2020) in four villages in the South Sudan zone of Burkina Faso. Data were collected on (1) weed density and biomass, (2) grain yield and fodder biomass, (3) intercropping efficiency, and (4) fodder nutritive value. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and the least significant difference (LSD) means separation at a 5% threshold. The results revealed that maize and cowpea intercropping significantly reduced weed biomass ( p ≤ 0.05). In monoculture, the maize cultivar Barka produced a greater grain yield (4980 kg/ha) and fodder biomass [6259 kg dry matter (DM)/ha] than the cultivar Espoir, which produced a grain yield of 2581 kg/ha and fodder biomass of 4952 kg DM/ha. The cowpea cultivars, KVx745-11P and Tiligré, were similar ( p ≥ 0.05) in terms of fodder biomass (2435–2820 kg DM/ha) and grain yield (1152–1163 kg/ha). For the intercropping system, land equivalent ratios for fodder biomass (1.18:1.41) and grain yield (1.02:1.44) were greater than 1; intercropping also had better productivity system indexes than the monoculture cropping system. The crude protein concentration of fodder was greater for Barka maize (9.5%–9.8%) than for Espoir maize (8.5%–8.7%). The crude protein concentration was greater for cowpea KVx745-11P (19%–21.8%) than for cowpea Tiligré (15%–17%). Intercropping both Barka maize and cowpea KVx745-11P was the most productive cropping system for maximizing grain and fodder production for crop–livestock farmers in the South Sudan zone of Burkina Faso.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly reduced weed biomass.
- Taxon
- maize and cowpea
Vigna unguiculata
Zea mayst0 - Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize and cowpea intercropping significantly reduced weed biomass ( p ≤ 0.05)”
t0“maize and cowpea cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Barka maize grain yield exceeded Espoir, 4980 versus 2581 kg/ha.
- Material
- Barkae0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 4980 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 2581 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- Espoire0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize cultivar Barka produced a greater grain yield (4980 kg/ha) and fodder biomass [6259 kg dry matter (DM)/ha] than the cultivar Espoir, which produced a grain yield of 2581 kg/ha”
t0“maize and cowpea cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Barka maize fodder biomass exceeded Espoir, 6259 versus 4952 kg DM/ha.
- Material
- Barkae0
- Outcome
- fodder biomasse0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 6259 kg dry matter (DM)/hae0
- Qualifier
- 4952 kg DM/hae0
- Comparator
- Espoire0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize cultivar Barka produced a greater grain yield (4980 kg/ha) and fodder biomass [6259 kg dry matter (DM)/ha] than the cultivar Espoir, which produced a grain yield of 2581 kg/ha and fodder biomass of 4952 kg DM/ha”
t0“maize and cowpea cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea cultivars had statistically similar fodder biomass.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- KVx745-11Pe0
- Outcome
- fodder biomasse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 2435–2820 kg DM/hae0
- Comparator
- Tiligrée0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cowpea cultivars, KVx745-11P and Tiligré, were similar ( p ≥ 0.05) in terms of fodder biomass (2435–2820 kg DM/ha)”
t0“maize and cowpea cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea cultivars had statistically similar grain yield.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- KVx745-11Pe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 1152–1163 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- Tiligrée0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cowpea cultivars, KVx745-11P and Tiligré, were similar ( p ≥ 0.05) in terms of fodder biomass (2435–2820 kg DM/ha) and grain yield (1152–1163 kg/ha)”
t0“maize and cowpea cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The fodder biomass land equivalent ratio exceeded one under intercropping.
- Taxon
- maize and cowpeaVigna unguiculataZea mayst0
- Outcome
- land equivalent ratios for fodder biomasse0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Value
- 1.18:1.41e0
- Comparator
- 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“land equivalent ratios for fodder biomass (1.18:1.41) and grain yield (1.02:1.44) were greater than 1”
t0“maize and cowpea cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The grain yield land equivalent ratio exceeded one under intercropping.
- Taxon
- maize and cowpeaVigna unguiculataZea mayst0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Value
- 1.02:1.44e0
- Comparator
- 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“land equivalent ratios for fodder biomass (1.18:1.41) and grain yield (1.02:1.44) were greater than 1”
t0“maize and cowpea cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping had better productivity indexes than monoculture.
- Taxon
- maize and cowpeaVigna unguiculataZea mayst0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- productivity system indexese0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- monoculture cropping systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping also had better productivity system indexes than the monoculture cropping system”
t0“maize and cowpea cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Barka maize fodder had more crude protein than Espoir maize fodder.
- Material
- Barkae0
- Outcome
- crude protein concentration of foddere0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 9.5%–9.8%e0
- Qualifier
- 8.5%–8.7%e0
- Comparator
- Espoire0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crude protein concentration of fodder was greater for Barka maize (9.5%–9.8%) than for Espoir maize (8.5%–8.7%)”
t0“maize and cowpea cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
KVx745-11P cowpea fodder had more crude protein than Tiligré.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- KVx745-11Pe0
- Outcome
- crude protein concentratione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 19%–21.8%e0
- Qualifier
- 15%–17%e0
- Comparator
- Tiligrée0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crude protein concentration was greater for cowpea KVx745-11P (19%–21.8%) than for cowpea Tiligré (15%–17%)”
t0“maize and cowpea cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Barka maize intercropped with KVx745-11P cowpea was most productive for grain and fodder.
- Taxon
- maize and cowpeaVigna unguiculataZea mayst0
- Material
- Barka maize and cowpea KVx745-11Pe0
- Treatment
- Intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- grain and fodder productione0
- Direction
- most productivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping both Barka maize and cowpea KVx745-11P was the most productive cropping system for maximizing grain and fodder production”
t0“maize and cowpea cultivars”
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