Abstract
Low temperatures can inhibit crop growth and yield. To investigate the physiological mechanisms by which salt stress affects low temperature tolerance, sugar beet seedlings subjected to low temperature stress after treated with 0, 200 and 400 mM NaCl were analyzed for physiome, transcriptome and metabolome profiles. Salt stress significantly alleviated the maximum quantum efficiency of PS II (Fv/Fm) and the reduction of relative leaf water content (RWC) caused by low temperature. Salt stress enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase , peroxidase (POX) and dehydroascorbate reductase , and it also increased the gene expression of glutathione S-transferase, POX and L -ascorbate peroxidase . Meanwhile, salt stress also contributed to the increase in carbohydrate enzyme activities (e.g. vacuolar invertase , hexokinase and fructokinase) and gene expression. Salt stress resulted in a decrease in sucrose concentration and an increase in proline concentration. Sucrose concentration was significantly and negatively correlated with the gene expression of the signal transduction pathway. Additionally, the expression of genes related to abscisic acid (protein phosphatase 2 C and receptor), gibberellin signaling (DELLA and F-box protein) and 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase was significantly increased by salt stress under low temperature. These results suggest that salt stress regulated ROS metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and hormone signaling, thereby enhancing low temperature tolerance in sugar beet.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress alleviated the low-temperature reduction in PS II maximum quantum efficiency.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- maximum quantum efficiency of PS II (Fv/Fm)e0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress significantly alleviated the maximum quantum efficiency of PS II (Fv/Fm) and the reduction of relative leaf water content (RWC) caused by low temperature.”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress alleviated the low-temperature reduction in relative leaf water content.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- relative leaf water content (RWC)e0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress significantly alleviated the maximum quantum efficiency of PS II (Fv/Fm) and the reduction of relative leaf water content (RWC) caused by low temperature.”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress enhanced ROS metabolism.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolisme0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase , peroxidase (POX) and dehydroascorbate reductase , and it also increased the gene expression of glutathione S-transferase, POX and L -ascorbate peroxidase .”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased superoxide dismutase activity.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutasee0
- Outcome
- activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase , peroxidase (POX) and dehydroascorbate reductase , and it also increased the gene expression of glutathione S-transferase, POX and L -ascorbate peroxidase .”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased peroxidase (POX) activity.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Gene
- peroxidase (POX)e0
- Outcome
- activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase , peroxidase (POX) and dehydroascorbate reductase , and it also increased the gene expression of glutathione S-transferase, POX and L -ascorbate peroxidase .”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased dehydroascorbate reductase activity.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Gene
- dehydroascorbate reductasee0
- Outcome
- activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase , peroxidase (POX) and dehydroascorbate reductase , and it also increased the gene expression of glutathione S-transferase, POX and L -ascorbate peroxidase .”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased glutathione S-transferase gene expression.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Gene
- glutathione S-transferasee0
- Outcome
- gene expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase , peroxidase (POX) and dehydroascorbate reductase , and it also increased the gene expression of glutathione S-transferase, POX and L -ascorbate peroxidase .”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased POX gene expression.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Gene
- POXe0
- Outcome
- gene expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase , peroxidase (POX) and dehydroascorbate reductase , and it also increased the gene expression of glutathione S-transferase, POX and L -ascorbate peroxidase .”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased L -ascorbate peroxidase gene expression.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Gene
- L -ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- gene expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase , peroxidase (POX) and dehydroascorbate reductase , and it also increased the gene expression of glutathione S-transferase, POX and L -ascorbate peroxidase .”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased carbohydrate enzyme activities and gene expression.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- carbohydrate enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, salt stress also contributed to the increase in carbohydrate enzyme activities (e.g. vacuolar invertase , hexokinase and fructokinase) and gene expression.”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased sucrose concentration.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- sucrose concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress resulted in a decrease in sucrose concentration and an increase in proline concentration.”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased proline concentration.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- proline concentratione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress resulted in a decrease in sucrose concentration and an increase in proline concentration.”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose concentration was negatively correlated with signal transduction gene expression.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Gene
- gene expression of the signal transduction pathwaye0
- Outcome
- Sucrose concentratione0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sucrose concentration was significantly and negatively correlated with the gene expression of the signal transduction pathway.”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased expression of protein phosphatase 2 C and receptor under low temperature.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Gene
- protein phosphatase 2 C and receptore0
- Outcome
- expression of genese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, the expression of genes related to abscisic acid (protein phosphatase 2 C and receptor), gibberellin signaling (DELLA and F-box protein) and 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase was significantly increased by salt stress under low temperature.”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased expression of DELLA and F-box protein under low temperature.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Gene
- DELLA and F-box proteine0
- Outcome
- expression of genese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, the expression of genes related to abscisic acid (protein phosphatase 2 C and receptor), gibberellin signaling (DELLA and F-box protein) and 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase was significantly increased by salt stress under low temperature.”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased expression of 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase under low temperature.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Gene
- 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthasee0
- Outcome
- expression of genese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, the expression of genes related to abscisic acid (protein phosphatase 2 C and receptor), gibberellin signaling (DELLA and F-box protein) and 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase was significantly increased by salt stress under low temperature.”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest salt-stress regulation of ROS metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and hormone signaling enhances low-temperature tolerance.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Outcome
- low temperature tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- ROS metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and hormone signalinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results suggest that salt stress regulated ROS metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and hormone signaling, thereby enhancing low temperature tolerance in sugar beet.”
t0“sugar beet”
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