Paper · 2023 · Agricultural Water Management

Root distribution, soil water depletion, and water productivity of sweet corn under deficit irrigation and biochar application

Manpreet Singh; Sukhbir Singh; Sanjit Deb; et al.

11
claims
22
verbatim quotes
38
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-nc-nd

Abstract

Root modifications can play a vital role in crop adjustments to soil water deficit. It is important to understand root growth and soil water depletion patterns to develop effective cropping systems, especially in semi-arid regions like Texas High Plains (THP). This study evaluated root growth, soil water depletion, and water productivity (WP) of sweet corn under three deficit irrigation treatments [100 %, 70 % and 40 % crop evapotranspiration (ETc)] and biochar application (hardwood and softwood). The experimental units were replicated 4 times in a split-plot design. The results revealed no interaction between irrigation and biochar treatments for almost all measured parameters. The 70 % ETc treatment increased the root length density (RLD) over 100 % ETc during 2019, while no differences were observed among irrigation treatments in 2020. Both deficit irrigations (70 % and 40 % ETc) increased soil water depletion compared to 100 % ETc, the highest being in 40 % ETc. The 70 % ETc maintained a similar yield and increased WP by 21 % compared to 100 % ETc across two years. However, 40 % ETc resulted in significant decline in yield and WP in 2020. The hardwood biochar increased RLD over no biochar treatment without affecting the soil water status and WP. Long-term studies are needed to investigate biochar effects beyond two years of application. In case of limited water availability, 70 % ETc can be recommended as an alternative to 100 % ETc in the THP of the US.

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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 11

Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Irrigation and biochar showed no interaction for almost all measured parameters.

Taxon
sweet cornt0
Outcome
interaction between irrigation and biochar treatmentse0
Qualifier
for almost all measured parameterse0

Verbatim

e0

“no interaction between irrigation and biochar treatments for almost all measured parameters”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 595–686 · show in text ↑
t0

“sweet corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–77 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

70 % ETc increased root length density versus 100 % ETc in 2019.

Taxon
sweet cornt0
Treatment
70 % ETce0
Outcome
root length density (RLD)e0
Direction
increasede0
Qualifier
during 2019e0
Comparator
100 % ETce0

Verbatim

e0

“The 70 % ETc treatment increased the root length density (RLD) over 100 % ETc during 2019”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 688–777 · show in text ↑
t0

“sweet corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–77 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Irrigation treatments did not differ in root length density in 2020.

Taxon
sweet cornt0
Outcome
no differencese0
Qualifier
in 2020e0

Verbatim

e0

“no differences were observed among irrigation treatments in 2020”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 785–849 · show in text ↑
t0

“sweet corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–77 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

70 % ETc increased soil water depletion versus 100 % ETc.

Taxon
sweet cornt0
Treatment
70 %e0
Outcome
soil water depletione0
Direction
increasede0
Comparator
100 % ETce0

Verbatim

e0

“Both deficit irrigations (70 % and 40 % ETc) increased soil water depletion compared to 100 % ETc”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 851–948 · show in text ↑
t0

“sweet corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–77 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

40 % ETc increased soil water depletion versus 100 % ETc, with the highest depletion at 40 % ETc.

Taxon
sweet cornt0
Treatment
40 % ETce0
Outcome
soil water depletione0
Direction
increasede0
Qualifier
the highest being in 40 % ETce0
Comparator
100 % ETce0

Verbatim

e0

“Both deficit irrigations (70 % and 40 % ETc) increased soil water depletion compared to 100 % ETc, the highest being in 40 % ETc”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 851–979 · show in text ↑
t0

“sweet corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–77 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

70 % ETc maintained similar yield to 100 % ETc over two years.

Taxon
sweet cornt0
Treatment
70 % ETce0
Outcome
yielde0
Direction
similare0
Qualifier
across two yearse0
Comparator
100 % ETce0

Verbatim

e0

“The 70 % ETc maintained a similar yield and increased WP by 21 % compared to 100 % ETc across two years”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 981–1084 · show in text ↑
t0

“sweet corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–77 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

70 % ETc increased water productivity by 21 % versus 100 % ETc over two years.

Taxon
sweet cornt0
Treatment
70 % ETce0
Outcome
WPe0
Direction
increasede0
Value
21 %e0
Qualifier
across two yearse0
Comparator
100 % ETce0

Verbatim

e0

“The 70 % ETc maintained a similar yield and increased WP by 21 % compared to 100 % ETc across two years”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 981–1084 · show in text ↑
t0

“sweet corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–77 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

40 % ETc significantly decreased yield and water productivity in 2020.

Taxon
sweet cornt0
Treatment
40 % ETce0
Outcome
yield and WPe0
Direction
declinee0
Qualifier
in 2020e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“40 % ETc resulted in significant decline in yield and WP in 2020”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1095–1159 · show in text ↑
t0

“sweet corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–77 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Hardwood biochar increased root length density versus no biochar.

Taxon
sweet cornt0
Treatment
hardwood biochare0
Outcome
RLDe0
Direction
increasede0
Comparator
no biochar treatmente0

Verbatim

e0

“The hardwood biochar increased RLD over no biochar treatment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1161–1221 · show in text ↑
t0

“sweet corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–77 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Hardwood biochar did not affect soil water status or water productivity.

Taxon
sweet cornt0
Treatment
hardwood biochare0
Outcome
soil water status and WPe0
Direction
without affectinge0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“The hardwood biochar increased RLD over no biochar treatment without affecting the soil water status and WP”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1161–1268 · show in text ↑
t0

“sweet corn under deficit irrigation and biochar application”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–126 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend 70 % ETc instead of 100 % ETc when water is limited in the Texas High Plains.

Taxon
sweet cornt0
Outcome
70 % ETc can be recommended as an alternative to 100 % ETce0
Qualifier
In case of limited water availabilitye0
Setting
THP of the USe0

Verbatim

e0

“In case of limited water availability, 70 % ETc can be recommended as an alternative to 100 % ETc in the THP of the US”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1363–1481 · show in text ↑
t0

“sweet corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–77 · show in text ↑

biochar · physiology: water · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

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biochar · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

190 papers: 180 positive, 10 negative or no effect

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.