Abstract
Nanotechnology is a novel and emerging approach that can be utilized in the agriculture sector for biotic and abiotic stress management, disease detection, and nutrient absorption. Various metal oxide nanoparticles such as zinc, titanium, silicon oxides were found to have a positive effect on seed quality attributes in various crops. Therefore, a study was carried out on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) with the objective to study the effect of nanoparticles on seed quality attributes including germination, seedling growth, vigour and yield. The seeds were dressed and infused with each of nano and bulk forms of zinc oxide, titanium oxide, silicon dioxide@ 50, 100, 250, 500 and 750 ppm along with the two controls i.e. untreated and thiram treated seeds (recommended package of practices) and were evaluated for various seed quality parameters and yield attributes. The study revealed that significantly the highest radicle emergence percentage, germination percentage, seedling length, vigour index-I, vigour index-II, dehydrogenase enzyme activity, field emergence percentage, seed yield per plant, and the lowest electrical conductivity were recorded for the seeds treated with dry formulation of nano form of ZnO nanoparticle at concentration of 250 ppm, significantly the lowest pathogen infection percentage was recorded in seeds treated with dry formulation of nano form of ZnO nanoparticle at concentration of 250 ppm, dry formulation of nano form of ZnO nanoparticle at concentration of 500 ppm and dry formulation of nano form of TiO2 nanoparticle at a concentration of 100 ppm and the lowest insect infestation percentage was observed in seeds treated with dry nano ZnO@ 250 ppm and dry nano ZnO@ 500 ppm compared to both controls. The conclusion drawn from the study that the dry formulation of nano form of ZnO nanoparticle at concentration of 250 ppm was found to be most effective treatment for enhancement of seed quality attributes and yield in chickpea.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Dry nano ZnO at 250 ppm gave the highest radicle emergence, germination and seedling length in chickpea seeds.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume0 - Treatment
- dry formulation of nano form of ZnO nanoparticle at concentration of 250 ppme1
- Outcome
- radicle emergence percentage, germination percentage, seedling lengthe1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a study was carried out on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“significantly the highest radicle emergence percentage, germination percentage, seedling length, vigour index-I, vigour index-II, dehydrogenase enzyme activity, field emergence percentage, seed yield per plant, and the lowest electrical conductivity were recorded for the seeds treated with dry formulation of nano form of ZnO nanoparticle at concentration of 250 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry nano ZnO at 250 ppm gave the highest vigour index-I, vigour index-II and dehydrogenase enzyme activity in chickpea seeds.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- dry formulation of nano form of ZnO nanoparticle at concentration of 250 ppme1
- Outcome
- vigour index-I, vigour index-II, dehydrogenase enzyme activitye1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a study was carried out on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“significantly the highest radicle emergence percentage, germination percentage, seedling length, vigour index-I, vigour index-II, dehydrogenase enzyme activity, field emergence percentage, seed yield per plant, and the lowest electrical conductivity were recorded for the seeds treated with dry formulation of nano form of ZnO nanoparticle at concentration of 250 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry nano ZnO at 250 ppm gave the highest field emergence percentage and seed yield per plant in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- dry formulation of nano form of ZnO nanoparticle at concentration of 250 ppme1
- Outcome
- field emergence percentage, seed yield per plante1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a study was carried out on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“significantly the highest radicle emergence percentage, germination percentage, seedling length, vigour index-I, vigour index-II, dehydrogenase enzyme activity, field emergence percentage, seed yield per plant, and the lowest electrical conductivity were recorded for the seeds treated with dry formulation of nano form of ZnO nanoparticle at concentration of 250 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry nano ZnO at 250 ppm gave the lowest electrical conductivity of chickpea seeds.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- dry formulation of nano form of ZnO nanoparticle at concentration of 250 ppme1
- Outcome
- electrical conductivitye1
- Direction
- loweste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a study was carried out on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“significantly the highest radicle emergence percentage, germination percentage, seedling length, vigour index-I, vigour index-II, dehydrogenase enzyme activity, field emergence percentage, seed yield per plant, and the lowest electrical conductivity were recorded for the seeds treated with dry formulation of nano form of ZnO nanoparticle at concentration of 250 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry nano ZnO at 250 ppm gave the lowest pathogen infection percentage in chickpea seeds.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- dry formulation of nano form of ZnO nanoparticle at concentration of 250 ppme2
- Outcome
- pathogen infection percentagee2
- Direction
- loweste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a study was carried out on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e2“significantly the lowest pathogen infection percentage was recorded in seeds treated with dry formulation of nano form of ZnO nanoparticle at concentration of 250 ppm, dry formulation of nano form of ZnO nanoparticle at concentration of 500 ppm and dry formulation of nano form of TiO2 nanoparticle at a concentration of 100 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry nano ZnO at 500 ppm gave the lowest pathogen infection percentage in chickpea seeds.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- dry formulation of nano form of ZnO nanoparticle at concentration of 500 ppme2
- Outcome
- pathogen infection percentagee2
- Direction
- loweste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a study was carried out on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e2“significantly the lowest pathogen infection percentage was recorded in seeds treated with dry formulation of nano form of ZnO nanoparticle at concentration of 250 ppm, dry formulation of nano form of ZnO nanoparticle at concentration of 500 ppm and dry formulation of nano form of TiO2 nanoparticle at a concentration of 100 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry nano TiO2 at 100 ppm gave the lowest pathogen infection percentage in chickpea seeds.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- dry formulation of nano form of TiO2 nanoparticle at a concentration of 100 ppme2
- Outcome
- pathogen infection percentagee2
- Direction
- loweste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a study was carried out on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e2“significantly the lowest pathogen infection percentage was recorded in seeds treated with dry formulation of nano form of ZnO nanoparticle at concentration of 250 ppm, dry formulation of nano form of ZnO nanoparticle at concentration of 500 ppm and dry formulation of nano form of TiO2 nanoparticle at a concentration of 100 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry nano ZnO at 250 ppm gave the lowest insect infestation percentage compared with both controls.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- dry nano ZnO@ 250 ppme3
- Outcome
- insect infestation percentagee3
- Direction
- loweste3
- Comparator
- both controlse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a study was carried out on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e3“the lowest insect infestation percentage was observed in seeds treated with dry nano ZnO@ 250 ppm and dry nano ZnO@ 500 ppm compared to both controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry nano ZnO at 500 ppm gave the lowest insect infestation percentage compared with both controls.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- dry nano ZnO@ 500 ppme3
- Outcome
- insect infestation percentagee3
- Direction
- loweste3
- Comparator
- both controlse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a study was carried out on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e3“the lowest insect infestation percentage was observed in seeds treated with dry nano ZnO@ 250 ppm and dry nano ZnO@ 500 ppm compared to both controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry nano ZnO at 250 ppm was the most effective seed treatment for enhancing seed quality attributes and yield in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume4
- Outcome
- enhancement of seed quality attributes and yielde4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“most effective treatment for enhancement of seed quality attributes and yield in chickpea”
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See all 30 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.