Abstract
While the individual influences of melatonin (MT) and polyamines (PAs) have been widely studied under various abiotic stresses, little is known about their interaction under salinity stress. In the present study, salt stress applied by 50 mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) on snap bean seedlings has been supplemented with 20 μM of MT and/or 100 μM of putrescine (Put) (individually and in combination). The results indicated that under salinity stress, the combination of MT + Put achieved the highest significant increase in shoot fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll (Chl a), Chl a + b, carotenoids, total soluble sugars, proline, K, Ca, and cell membrane stability index (CMSI), as well as catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activities. This improvement was associated with an obvious decrease in Na, Na/K ratio, and oxidative damage as indicated by reducing leaf contents of methylglyoxal (MG), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the rate of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA). Moreover, the combination of MT + Put demonstrated a significant decrease in the activities of diamine oxidase (DAO) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) leading to the reduction of the rate of polyamine oxidation. Meanwhile, MT applied individually gave the highest significant increase in leaf relative water content (RWC), Chl b, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Conclusively, the combination treatment of MT + Put could decrease the degradation of polyamines and enhance tolerance to salinity stress in snap bean seedlings.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of MT + Put achieved the highest significant increase in shoot fresh and dry weight of snap bean under salinity.
- Taxon
- snap beane0
- Treatment
- combination of MT + Pute1
- Outcome
- shoot fresh and dry weighte1
- Direction
- highest significant increasee1
- Setting
- salt stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“salt stress applied by 50 mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) on snap bean seedlings has been supplemented with 20 μM of MT and/or 100 μM of putrescine (Put) (individually and in combination)”
e1“the combination of MT + Put achieved the highest significant increase in shoot fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll (Chl a), Chl a + b, carotenoids, total soluble sugars, proline, K, Ca, and cell membrane stability index (CMSI), as well as catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activities”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of MT + Put achieved the highest significant increase in chlorophyll (Chl a), Chl a + b and carotenoids in snap bean under salinity.
- Taxon
- snap beane0
- Treatment
- combination of MT + Pute1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll (Chl a), Chl a + b, carotenoidse1
- Direction
- highest significant increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“salt stress applied by 50 mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) on snap bean seedlings has been supplemented with 20 μM of MT and/or 100 μM of putrescine (Put) (individually and in combination)”
e1“the combination of MT + Put achieved the highest significant increase in shoot fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll (Chl a), Chl a + b, carotenoids, total soluble sugars, proline, K, Ca, and cell membrane stability index (CMSI), as well as catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activities”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of MT + Put achieved the highest significant increase in total soluble sugars, proline and K in snap bean under salinity.
- Taxon
- snap beane0
- Treatment
- combination of MT + Pute1
- Outcome
- total soluble sugars, proline, Ke1
- Direction
- highest significant increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“salt stress applied by 50 mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) on snap bean seedlings has been supplemented with 20 μM of MT and/or 100 μM of putrescine (Put) (individually and in combination)”
e1“the combination of MT + Put achieved the highest significant increase in shoot fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll (Chl a), Chl a + b, carotenoids, total soluble sugars, proline, K, Ca, and cell membrane stability index (CMSI), as well as catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activities”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of MT + Put achieved the highest significant increase in Ca and cell membrane stability index (CMSI) in snap bean under salinity.
- Taxon
- snap beane0
- Treatment
- combination of MT + Pute1
- Outcome
- Ca, and cell membrane stability index (CMSI)e1
- Direction
- highest significant increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“salt stress applied by 50 mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) on snap bean seedlings has been supplemented with 20 μM of MT and/or 100 μM of putrescine (Put) (individually and in combination)”
e1“the combination of MT + Put achieved the highest significant increase in shoot fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll (Chl a), Chl a + b, carotenoids, total soluble sugars, proline, K, Ca, and cell membrane stability index (CMSI), as well as catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activities”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of MT + Put achieved the highest significant increase in catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activities in snap bean under salinity.
- Taxon
- snap beane0
- Treatment
- combination of MT + Pute1
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activitiese1
- Direction
- highest significant increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“salt stress applied by 50 mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) on snap bean seedlings has been supplemented with 20 μM of MT and/or 100 μM of putrescine (Put) (individually and in combination)”
e1“the combination of MT + Put achieved the highest significant increase in shoot fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll (Chl a), Chl a + b, carotenoids, total soluble sugars, proline, K, Ca, and cell membrane stability index (CMSI), as well as catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activities”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of MT + Put showed an obvious decrease in leaf Na and Na/K ratio in snap bean under salinity.
- Taxon
- snap beane0
- Treatment
- combination of MT + Pute1
- Outcome
- Na, Na/K ratioe2
- Direction
- obvious decreasee2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“salt stress applied by 50 mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) on snap bean seedlings has been supplemented with 20 μM of MT and/or 100 μM of putrescine (Put) (individually and in combination)”
e1“the combination of MT + Put achieved the highest significant increase in shoot fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll (Chl a), Chl a + b, carotenoids, total soluble sugars, proline, K, Ca, and cell membrane stability index (CMSI), as well as catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activities”
e2“This improvement was associated with an obvious decrease in Na, Na/K ratio, and oxidative damage as indicated by reducing leaf contents of methylglyoxal (MG), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the rate of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of MT + Put reduced leaf contents of methylglyoxal (MG), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in snap bean under salinity.
- Taxon
- snap beane0
- Treatment
- combination of MT + Pute1
- Outcome
- methylglyoxal (MG), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the rate of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA)e2
- Direction
- reducinge2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“salt stress applied by 50 mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) on snap bean seedlings has been supplemented with 20 μM of MT and/or 100 μM of putrescine (Put) (individually and in combination)”
e1“the combination of MT + Put achieved the highest significant increase in shoot fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll (Chl a), Chl a + b, carotenoids, total soluble sugars, proline, K, Ca, and cell membrane stability index (CMSI), as well as catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activities”
e2“This improvement was associated with an obvious decrease in Na, Na/K ratio, and oxidative damage as indicated by reducing leaf contents of methylglyoxal (MG), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the rate of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of MT + Put significantly decreased the activities of diamine oxidase (DAO) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) in snap bean under salinity.
- Taxon
- snap beane0
- Treatment
- combination of MT + Pute3
- Outcome
- the activities of diamine oxidase (DAO) and polyamine oxidase (PAO)e3
- Direction
- significant decreasee3
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“salt stress applied by 50 mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) on snap bean seedlings has been supplemented with 20 μM of MT and/or 100 μM of putrescine (Put) (individually and in combination)”
e3“Moreover, the combination of MT + Put demonstrated a significant decrease in the activities of diamine oxidase (DAO) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) leading to the reduction of the rate of polyamine oxidation”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of MT + Put reduced the rate of polyamine oxidation in snap bean under salinity.
- Taxon
- snap beane0
- Treatment
- combination of MT + Pute3
- Outcome
- the rate of polyamine oxidatione3
- Direction
- reductione3
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“salt stress applied by 50 mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) on snap bean seedlings has been supplemented with 20 μM of MT and/or 100 μM of putrescine (Put) (individually and in combination)”
e3“Moreover, the combination of MT + Put demonstrated a significant decrease in the activities of diamine oxidase (DAO) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) leading to the reduction of the rate of polyamine oxidation”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin applied individually gave the highest significant increase in leaf relative water content (RWC) and Chl b in snap bean under salinity.
- Taxon
- snap beane0
- Treatment
- MT applied individuallye4
- Outcome
- leaf relative water content (RWC), Chl be4
- Direction
- highest significant increasee4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“salt stress applied by 50 mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) on snap bean seedlings has been supplemented with 20 μM of MT and/or 100 μM of putrescine (Put) (individually and in combination)”
e4“Meanwhile, MT applied individually gave the highest significant increase in leaf relative water content (RWC), Chl b, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin applied individually gave the highest significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities in snap bean under salinity.
- Taxon
- snap beane0
- Treatment
- MT applied individuallye4
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e4
- Direction
- highest significant increasee4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“salt stress applied by 50 mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) on snap bean seedlings has been supplemented with 20 μM of MT and/or 100 μM of putrescine (Put) (individually and in combination)”
e4“Meanwhile, MT applied individually gave the highest significant increase in leaf relative water content (RWC), Chl b, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination treatment of MT + Put could decrease the degradation of polyamines in snap bean under salinity.
- Taxon
- snap beane0
- Treatment
- combination treatment of MT + Pute5
- Outcome
- degradation of polyaminese5
- Direction
- decreasee5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“salt stress applied by 50 mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) on snap bean seedlings has been supplemented with 20 μM of MT and/or 100 μM of putrescine (Put) (individually and in combination)”
e5“Conclusively, the combination treatment of MT + Put could decrease the degradation of polyamines and enhance tolerance to salinity stress in snap bean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination treatment of MT + Put could enhance tolerance to salinity stress in snap bean seedlings.
- Taxon
- snap beane0
- Treatment
- combination treatment of MT + Pute5
- Outcome
- tolerance to salinity stresse5
- Direction
- enhancee5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“salt stress applied by 50 mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) on snap bean seedlings has been supplemented with 20 μM of MT and/or 100 μM of putrescine (Put) (individually and in combination)”
e5“Conclusively, the combination treatment of MT + Put could decrease the degradation of polyamines and enhance tolerance to salinity stress in snap bean seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
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- no effect
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8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.