Abstract
This study evaluates the efficacy of putrescine-based seed biopriming at concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mmol in mitigating oxidative stress induced by 50 mg kg⁻¹ cadmium (Cd) in common bean plants. Cadmium exposure significantly elevated oxidative stress markers, such as hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), while suppressing antioxidative enzyme activities, including ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Putrescine treatments, particularly at 0.5 and 1 mmol, enhanced antioxidative defenses by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and APX activities and reducing H₂O₂ levels, thereby alleviating oxidative damage. Photosynthetic performance improved markedly with putrescine application, as evidenced by higher chlorophyll a content, an optimized chlorophyll a/b ratio, and increased total carotenoid levels, indicating enhanced photosynthetic efficiency under cadmium stress. Among the treatments, Cd-P3 (1 mmol putrescine) demonstrated the most significant improvements, reversing the detrimental effects of cadmium on photosynthetic pigments and plant health. Additionally, putrescine enhanced the accumulation of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds, contributing to improved antioxidant capacity. This was supported by higher DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP values, highlighting its strong antioxidative potential. In summary, putrescine seed priming offers a promising strategy for mitigating cadmium toxicity in plants. By modulating antioxidant systems, stabilizing photosynthetic pigments, and promoting bioactive compound synthesis, putrescine enhances plant resilience to heavy metal stress. These findings underscore its potential application in agricultural practices to improve crop tolerance to abiotic stresses.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased hydrogen peroxide in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common Bean Plants
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- Cadmium exposuree0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)e0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium exposure significantly elevated oxidative stress markers, such as hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), while suppressing antioxidative enzyme activities, including ascorbate peroxidase (APX).”
t0“Common Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium suppressed ascorbate peroxidase activity in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common Bean PlantsPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Cadmium exposuree0
- Gene
- ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Direction
- suppressinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium exposure significantly elevated oxidative stress markers, such as hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), while suppressing antioxidative enzyme activities, including ascorbate peroxidase (APX).”
t0“Common Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine priming increased superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activities under cadmium.
- Taxon
- Common Bean PlantsPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Putrescine treatments, particularly at 0.5 and 1 mmole0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase (SOD) and APXe0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD) and APX activitiese0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Putrescine treatments, particularly at 0.5 and 1 mmol, enhanced antioxidative defenses by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and APX activities and reducing H₂O₂ levels”
t0“Common Bean Plants by Seed Priming with Putrescine”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine priming reduced hydrogen peroxide under cadmium.
- Taxon
- Common Bean PlantsPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Putrescine treatments, particularly at 0.5 and 1 mmole0
- Outcome
- H₂O₂ levelse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Putrescine treatments, particularly at 0.5 and 1 mmol, enhanced antioxidative defenses by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and APX activities and reducing H₂O₂ levels”
t0“Common Bean Plants by Seed Priming with Putrescine”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine increased chlorophyll a content under cadmium.
- Taxon
- Common Bean PlantsPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- putrescine applicatione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photosynthetic performance improved markedly with putrescine application, as evidenced by higher chlorophyll a content, an optimized chlorophyll a/b ratio, and increased total carotenoid levels”
t0“Common Bean Plants by Seed Priming with Putrescine”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine optimized chlorophyll a/b ratio under cadmium.
- Taxon
- Common Bean PlantsPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- putrescine applicatione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a/b ratioe0
- Direction
- optimizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photosynthetic performance improved markedly with putrescine application, as evidenced by higher chlorophyll a content, an optimized chlorophyll a/b ratio, and increased total carotenoid levels”
t0“Common Bean Plants by Seed Priming with Putrescine”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine increased total carotenoid levels under cadmium.
- Taxon
- Common Bean PlantsPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- putrescine applicatione0
- Outcome
- total carotenoid levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photosynthetic performance improved markedly with putrescine application, as evidenced by higher chlorophyll a content, an optimized chlorophyll a/b ratio, and increased total carotenoid levels”
t0“Common Bean Plants by Seed Priming with Putrescine”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1 mmol Cd-P3 putrescine treatment yielded the greatest improvements in pigments and plant health.
- Taxon
- Common Bean PlantsPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Cd-P3 (1 mmol putrescine)e0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments and plant healthe0
- Direction
- most significant improvementse0
- Comparator
- treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the treatments, Cd-P3 (1 mmol putrescine) demonstrated the most significant improvements, reversing the detrimental effects of cadmium on photosynthetic pigments and plant health.”
t0“Common Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine increased total phenolic accumulation.
- Taxon
- Common Bean PlantsPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- putrescinee0
- Outcome
- accumulation of total phenolice0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, putrescine enhanced the accumulation of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds”
t0“Common Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine increased flavonoid accumulation.
- Taxon
- Common Bean PlantsPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- putrescinee0
- Outcome
- flavonoid compoundse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, putrescine enhanced the accumulation of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds”
t0“Common Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine increased DPPH radical scavenging activity.
- Taxon
- Common Bean PlantsPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- putrescinee1
- Outcome
- DPPH radical scavenging activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was supported by higher DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP values”
e1“putrescine enhanced the accumulation”
t0“Common Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine increased FRAP values.
- Taxon
- Common Bean PlantsPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- putrescinee1
- Outcome
- FRAP valuese0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was supported by higher DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP values”
e1“putrescine enhanced the accumulation”
t0“Common Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors propose putrescine seed priming for cadmium stress tolerance in agricultural practice.
- Taxon
- Common Bean PlantsPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- putrescine seed priminge0
- Outcome
- mitigating cadmium toxicity in plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“putrescine seed priming offers a promising strategy for mitigating cadmium toxicity in plants.”
t0“Common Bean Plants”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →putrescine · physiology: pigments · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
putrescine · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
putrescine · physiology: photosynthesis · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
putrescine · physiology: oxidative · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
heavy metal · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
heavy metal · physiology: oxidative · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.