Abstract
Magnolol is a natural compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Magnolia officinalis, which exhibits antimicrobial properties. However, magnolol is insoluble in water and consists of a phenolic hydroxyl group, which is volatile; these factors hinder its application. In this study, a safe and environmentally friendly method to improve the microbial resistance and storability of harvested fruits is developed using the water-soluble carrier carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and magnolol. Magnolol was loaded on CMCS particles to form Magnolol@CMCS antimicrobial particles, a preservation coating agent. Magnolol@CMCS particles effectively solved the problems of water insolubility and agglomeration of magnolol and reduced the size distribution D50 value of magnolol from 0.749 to 0.213 μm. Magnolol@CMCS particles showed greater toxicity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Botryosphaeria dothidea than that of magnolol alone, with effective medium concentration (EC50) values of 0.9408, 142.4144, and 8.8028 μg/mL, respectively. Kiwifruit treated with the Magnolol@CMCS solution showed delayed changes in fruit hardness and soluble solid and dry matter contents and significantly higher ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and soluble total sugar contents and sugar:acid ratios compared with that of the control fruit. In addition, no disease spots were observed on fruit treated with the Magnolol@CMCS solution within 7 days after inoculation with B. dothidea. In conclusion, Magnolol@CMCS particles showed antimicrobial activity on harvested fruits, effectively delayed the hardness and nutritional changes of fruits during storage, and improved the storability of kiwifruit.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Magnolol@CMCS reduced magnolol particle D50 from 0.749 to 0.213 μm.
- Taxon
- Kiwifruits
Actinidia deliciosat0 - Outcome
- size distribution D50 value of magnolole0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 0.213 μme0
- Qualifier
- 0.749e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced the size distribution D50 value of magnolol from 0.749 to 0.213 μm”
t0“Kiwifruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnolol@CMCS showed greater toxicity against Staphylococcus aureus than magnolol alone, with EC50 0.9408 μg/mL.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitsActinidia deliciosat0
- Outcome
- toxicity against Staphylococcus aureuse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 0.9408e0
- Comparator
- magnolol alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Magnolol@CMCS particles showed greater toxicity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Botryosphaeria dothidea than that of magnolol alone, with effective medium concentration (EC50) values of 0.9408, 142.4144, and 8.8028 μg/mL, respectively.”
t0“Kiwifruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnolol@CMCS showed greater toxicity against Escherichia coli than magnolol alone, with EC50 142.4144 μg/mL.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitsActinidia deliciosat0
- Outcome
- toxicity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia colie0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 142.4144e0
- Comparator
- magnolol alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Magnolol@CMCS particles showed greater toxicity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Botryosphaeria dothidea than that of magnolol alone, with effective medium concentration (EC50) values of 0.9408, 142.4144, and 8.8028 μg/mL, respectively.”
t0“Kiwifruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnolol@CMCS showed greater toxicity against Botryosphaeria dothidea than magnolol alone, with EC50 8.8028 μg/mL.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitsActinidia deliciosat0
- Interactor
- Botryosphaeria dothidea
_Cesati_%26_DeNotaris_661320.jpg?width=60)
Botryosphaeria dothideae0pathogen - Outcome
- Botryosphaeria dothideae0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 8.8028 μg/mLe0
- Comparator
- magnolol alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Cesati_%26_DeNotaris_661320.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Magnolol@CMCS particles showed greater toxicity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Botryosphaeria dothidea than that of magnolol alone, with effective medium concentration (EC50) values of 0.9408, 142.4144, and 8.8028 μg/mL, respectively.”
t0“Kiwifruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Coated kiwifruit had delayed hardness, soluble solid and dry matter changes.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- Magnolol@CMCS solutione0
- Outcome
- fruit hardness and soluble solid and dry matter contentse0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kiwifruit treated with the Magnolol@CMCS solution showed delayed changes in fruit hardness and soluble solid and dry matter contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Coated kiwifruit had significantly higher ascorbic acid and soluble total sugar contents and sugar:acid ratios than controls.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- Magnolol@CMCSe1
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and soluble total sugar contents and sugar:acid ratiose0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly higher ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and soluble total sugar contents and sugar:acid ratios compared with that of the control fruit”
t0“Magnolol Loaded on Carboxymethyl Chitosan Particles Improved the Antimicrobial Resistance and Storability of Kiwifruits”
e1“Kiwifruit treated with the Magnolol@CMCS solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Coated fruit had no disease spots within seven days after B. dothidea inoculation.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- Magnolol@CMCS solutione0
- Interactor
- B. dothideaBotryosphaeria dothideae0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease spotse0
- Qualifier
- within 7 days after inoculation with B. dothideae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no disease spots were observed on fruit treated with the Magnolol@CMCS solution within 7 days after inoculation with B. dothidea”
t0“Kiwifruit”
The same questions in other papers
chitosan · quality: sugar starch · Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
chitosan · quality: postharvest · Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.