Abstract
As an important type of interplant competition, line-spacing shrinkage and row-spacing expansion (LSRE) can increase the number of tillers and improve resource utilization efficiency in wheat. Wheat tillering is closely related to various phytohormones. However, it is unclear whether LSRE regulates phytohormones and their relationship to tillering and wheat yield. This study evaluated tillering characteristics, phytohormone content in tiller nodes at the pre-winter stage, and grain yield factors for the winter wheat variety Malan1. We used a two-factor randomized block trial design with two sowing spacings of 15 cm (15RS, conventional treatment) and 7.5 cm (7.5RS, LSRE treatment) at the same density and three sowing-date groups (SD1, SD2, and SD3). LSRE significantly promoted wheat tillering and biomass at the pre-winter stage (average increases of 14.5% and 20.9% in the three sowing-date groups, respectively) and shortened the accumulated temperature required for a single tiller. Changes in the levels of phytohormones, including decreased gibberellin and indole acetic acid and increased zeatin riboside and strigolactones, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and were shown to be responsible for the tillering process under LSRE treatment in winter wheat. LSRE treatment can improve crop yield by increasing the number of spikes per unit area and grain weight. Our results clarified the changes in tillering and phytohormones content of winter wheat under LSRE treatment and their correlation with grain yield. This study also provides insights into the physiological mechanisms of alleviating inter-plant competition to improve crop yield.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
LSRE increased pre-winter wheat tillering by 14.5% on average across sowing dates.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- pre-winter stagee0
- Treatment
- LSREe0
- Outcome
- wheat tilleringe0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Value
- 14.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“LSRE significantly promoted wheat tillering and biomass at the pre-winter stage (average increases of 14.5% and 20.9% in the three sowing-date groups, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
LSRE increased pre-winter wheat biomass by 20.9% on average across sowing dates.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“LSRE significantly promoted wheat tillering and biomass at the pre-winter stage (average increases of 14.5% and 20.9% in the three sowing-date groups, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
LSRE shortened the accumulated temperature required for a single tiller.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- LSREe1
- Outcome
- accumulated temperature required for a single tillere0
- Direction
- shortenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“shortened the accumulated temperature required for a single tiller”
e1“LSRE significantly promoted wheat tillering”
Claim · model-written summary
LSRE decreased gibberellin levels in wheat tiller nodes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- tiller nodese1
- Treatment
- LSRE treatmente0
- Outcome
- gibberelline0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“decreased gibberellin and indole acetic acid and increased zeatin riboside and strigolactones, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and were shown to be responsible for the tillering process under LSRE treatment in winter wheat”
e1“phytohormone content in tiller nodes at the pre-winter stage”
Claim · model-written summary
LSRE decreased indole acetic acid levels in wheat tiller nodes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- tiller nodese1
- Treatment
- LSRE treatmente0
- Outcome
- indole acetic acide0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“decreased gibberellin and indole acetic acid and increased zeatin riboside and strigolactones, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and were shown to be responsible for the tillering process under LSRE treatment in winter wheat”
e1“phytohormone content in tiller nodes at the pre-winter stage”
Claim · model-written summary
LSRE increased zeatin riboside levels in wheat tiller nodes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- tiller nodese1
- Treatment
- LSRE treatmente0
- Outcome
- zeatin ribosidee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“decreased gibberellin and indole acetic acid and increased zeatin riboside and strigolactones, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and were shown to be responsible for the tillering process under LSRE treatment in winter wheat”
e1“phytohormone content in tiller nodes at the pre-winter stage”
Claim · model-written summary
LSRE increased strigolactones levels in wheat tiller nodes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- tiller nodese1
- Treatment
- LSRE treatmente0
- Outcome
- strigolactonese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“decreased gibberellin and indole acetic acid and increased zeatin riboside and strigolactones, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and were shown to be responsible for the tillering process under LSRE treatment in winter wheat”
e1“phytohormone content in tiller nodes at the pre-winter stage”
Claim · model-written summary
LSRE improved crop yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- LSRE treatmente0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“LSRE treatment can improve crop yield by increasing the number of spikes per unit area and grain weight”
Claim · model-written summary
LSRE increased spikes per unit area.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- LSRE treatmente0
- Outcome
- number of spikes per unit areae0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“LSRE treatment can improve crop yield by increasing the number of spikes per unit area and grain weight”
Claim · model-written summary
LSRE increased grain weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- LSRE treatmente0
- Outcome
- grain weighte0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“LSRE treatment can improve crop yield by increasing the number of spikes per unit area and grain weight”
Claim · model-written summary
The hormone changes were presented as responsible for tillering under LSRE.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- LSRE treatmente0
- Outcome
- tillering processe0
- Qualifier
- were shown to be responsiblee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“decreased gibberellin and indole acetic acid and increased zeatin riboside and strigolactones, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and were shown to be responsible for the tillering process under LSRE treatment in winter wheat”
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