Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal crop due to its high forage and grain yield potential. The objective of this study was to assess mean performance and heterotic effects of 36 F1 hybrids with 4 checks under three planting densities, 24,000, 32,000, and 40,000 plants fed-1 at optimal sowing date (April 10th) and late one (May 28th) in the middle Egypt. Significant differences were recorded for all studied traits among maize hybrids in the six environments. The 2nd sowing date(SD) had negatively affected on all maize hybrids for all traits.The high plant density (HPD) and medium (MPD) one caused an increase in days to 50% tasseling (later in maturity), plant height (taller plants), and grain yield per feddan (increased by 17.77% and 1.01% in the 1st SD, and 14.8% and 8.65% in the 2nd SD under HPD and MPD, respectively). While, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, number of kernels per plant, 100- kernel weight, and grain yield per plant were reducedunder MPD and HPD. Grain yield varied from 16.6 to 44.89 ardabfed-1 in the 1st SD and varied from 11.55 to 35.40 ardab fed-1.in the 2nd SD. The hybrid L8×L9 had the highest average grain yield overall environments (35.13 ardab fed-1) followed by L1×L3, L1×L8, L3×L8, L3×L4, andL3×L5(32.65, 32.65, 32.5, 32.49 and 32.34ardab fed-1, respectively). Negative and significant desirable standard heterosis over check variety Pioneer 32D99 were recorded in crosses (L1×L4), (L1×L8), (L6×L7) and (L4×L8) for days to 50% tasseling and crosses (L3×L8), (L3×L9), (L5×L8) (L6×L7), (L6×L8), (L6× L9), (L7×L9) and (L8×L9) for plant height under most environments. Positive and significant heterosis estimates were recorded in crosses (L4 × L7) and (L4 × L9) for ear length in 2nd SD; cross (L1×L6) for ear diameter; crosses (L3×L8) and (L4 × L8) for number of rows per ear under most environments; crosses (L2×L6), (L2 × L9), (L4 × L7), (L6 × L9) and (L8 × L9) for number of kernels per row under all environments; cross (L8 × L9) for 100- kernel under all environments in the 1stSD and NPD in the 2nd SD as well as grain yield under HPD, it showed positive values.The percent heterosis for grain yield varied from -65.02 to 7.28%. Grain yield had positive and significant associations with plant height (0.672**), ear length (0.341*), ear diameter (0.375*), number of rows per ear (0.596**), and number of kernels per row (0.486**).The aforementionedpromising hybrids are recommended for further inclusion in the breeding program.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Maize hybrids differed significantly for all studied traits across six environments.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant differences were recorded for all studied traits among maize hybrids in the six environments”
Claim · model-written summary
The second sowing date negatively affected all measured traits of all maize hybrids.
- Material
- maize hybridse0
- Treatment
- 2nd sowing date(SD)e0
- Outcome
- all traitse0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 2nd sowing date(SD) had negatively affected on all maize hybrids for all traits”
Claim · model-written summary
High and medium density increased days to 50% tasseling.
- Treatment
- high plant density (HPD) and medium (MPD) onee0
- Outcome
- days to 50% tasselinge0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The high plant density (HPD) and medium (MPD) one caused an increase in days to 50% tasseling (later in maturity)”
t0“MAIZE UNDER THREE PLANTING DENSITIES AND TWO SOWING DATES”
Claim · model-written summary
High and medium density increased plant height.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The high plant density (HPD) and medium (MPD) one caused an increase in days to 50% tasseling (later in maturity), plant height (taller plants)”
t0“MAIZE UNDER THREE PLANTING DENSITIES AND TWO SOWING DATES”
Claim · model-written summary
High density increased grain yield per feddan by 17.77% at the first sowing date and 14.8% at the second.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield per feddan (increased by 17.77% and 1.01% in the 1st SD, and 14.8% and 8.65% in the 2nd SD under HPD and MPD, respectively)”
t0“MAIZE UNDER THREE PLANTING DENSITIES AND TWO SOWING DATES”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium density increased grain yield per feddan by 1.01% at the first sowing date.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield per feddan (increased by 17.77% and 1.01% in the 1st SD, and 14.8% and 8.65% in the 2nd SD under HPD and MPD, respectively)”
t0“MAIZE UNDER THREE PLANTING DENSITIES AND TWO SOWING DATES”
Claim · model-written summary
High density increased grain yield per feddan by 14.8% at the second sowing date.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield per feddan (increased by 17.77% and 1.01% in the 1st SD, and 14.8% and 8.65% in the 2nd SD under HPD and MPD, respectively)”
t0“MAIZE UNDER THREE PLANTING DENSITIES AND TWO SOWING DATES”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium density increased grain yield per feddan by 8.65% at the second sowing date.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield per feddan (increased by 17.77% and 1.01% in the 1st SD, and 14.8% and 8.65% in the 2nd SD under HPD and MPD, respectively)”
t0“MAIZE UNDER THREE PLANTING DENSITIES AND TWO SOWING DATES”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium and high density reduced ear length, ear diameter and rows per ear.
- Treatment
- MPD and HPDe0
- Outcome
- ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per eare0
- Direction
- reducedundere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, number of kernels per plant, 100- kernel weight, and grain yield per plant were reducedunder MPD and HPD”
t0“MAIZE UNDER THREE PLANTING DENSITIES AND TWO SOWING DATES”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium and high density reduced kernels per plant, 100-kernel weight and grain yield per plant.
- Treatment
- MPD and HPDe0
- Outcome
- number of kernels per plant, 100- kernel weight, and grain yield per plante0
- Direction
- reducedundere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, number of kernels per plant, 100- kernel weight, and grain yield per plant were reducedunder MPD and HPD”
t0“MAIZE UNDER THREE PLANTING DENSITIES AND TWO SOWING DATES”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield ranged from 16.6 to 44.89 ardabfed-1 at the first sowing date.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield varied from 16.6 to 44.89 ardabfed-1 in the 1st SD”
t0“MAIZE UNDER THREE PLANTING DENSITIES AND TWO SOWING DATES”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield ranged from 11.55 to 35.40 ardab fed-1 at the second sowing date.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“varied from 11.55 to 35.40 ardab fed-1.in the 2nd SD”
t0“MAIZE UNDER THREE PLANTING DENSITIES AND TWO SOWING DATES”
Claim · model-written summary
L8×L9 had the highest average grain yield, 35.13 ardab fed-1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hybrid L8×L9 had the highest average grain yield overall environments (35.13 ardab fed-1)”
t0“MAIZE UNDER THREE PLANTING DENSITIES AND TWO SOWING DATES”
Claim · model-written summary
Five other hybrids had average yields of 32.65, 32.65, 32.5, 32.49 and 32.34 ardab fed-1 respectively.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by L1×L3, L1×L8, L3×L8, L3×L4, andL3×L5(32.65, 32.65, 32.5, 32.49 and 32.34ardab fed-1, respectively)”
t0“MAIZE UNDER THREE PLANTING DENSITIES AND TWO SOWING DATES”
Claim · model-written summary
Selected crosses showed desirable negative significant heterosis for tasseling and plant height compared with Pioneer 32D99.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Negative and significant desirable standard heterosis over check variety Pioneer 32D99 were recorded in crosses (L1×L4), (L1×L8), (L6×L7) and (L4×L8) for days to 50% tasseling and crosses (L3×L8), (L3×L9), (L5×L8) (L6×L7), (L6×L8), (L6× L9), (L7×L9) and (L8×L9) for plant height under most environments”
t0“MAIZE UNDER THREE PLANTING DENSITIES AND TWO SOWING DATES”
Claim · model-written summary
Selected crosses showed positive significant heterosis in ear traits and yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Positive and significant heterosis estimates were recorded in crosses (L4 × L7) and (L4 × L9) for ear length in 2nd SD; cross (L1×L6) for ear diameter; crosses (L3×L8) and (L4 × L8) for number of rows per ear under most environments; crosses (L2×L6), (L2 × L9), (L4 × L7), (L6 × L9) and (L8 × L9) for number of kernels per row under all environments; cross (L8 × L9) for 100- kernel under all environments in the 1stSD and NPD in the 2nd SD as well as grain yield under HPD, it showed positive values”
t0“MAIZE UNDER THREE PLANTING DENSITIES AND TWO SOWING DATES”
Claim · model-written summary
Percent heterosis for grain yield ranged from -65.02 to 7.28%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percent heterosis for grain yield varied from -65.02 to 7.28%”
t0“MAIZE UNDER THREE PLANTING DENSITIES AND TWO SOWING DATES”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was positively and significantly associated with plant height, ear length and ear diameter.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield had positive and significant associations with plant height (0.672**), ear length (0.341*), ear diameter (0.375*)”
t0“MAIZE UNDER THREE PLANTING DENSITIES AND TWO SOWING DATES”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was positively and significantly associated with rows per ear and kernels per row.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield had positive and significant associations with plant height (0.672**), ear length (0.341*), ear diameter (0.375*), number of rows per ear (0.596**), and number of kernels per row (0.486**)”
t0“MAIZE UNDER THREE PLANTING DENSITIES AND TWO SOWING DATES”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend the promising hybrids for further breeding.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The aforementionedpromising hybrids are recommended for further inclusion in the breeding program”
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