Abstract
Worldwide, weeds are the costliest category of agricultural pests. They decrease yields and product quality, hence managing them is vital to successful crop cultivation which is the objective of the current study. The present work aims to evaluate the phytotoxicity of the vegetative part and the flowers of Nicotiana glauca on tomato and the weed Cynodon dactylon. Experiments were carried out under field conditions and a number of biochemical and physiological parameters were determined after harvest. The results showed that adding powdered dried flowers to potting soil (in amount of 1%) was the most effective treatment either to inhibit C. dactylon growth or to increase the tomato yield. The stimulations in shoot, root and fresh weight were respectively 35.25%, 328.97%, and 159.04%. It is also remarkable that aqueous extracts of the vegetative part and flowers spray and vegetative part incorporation into soil treatments were effective in stimulating the growth of tomato, but they were less effective in inhibiting the weed growth. In fact, the greatest inhibitions in shoot, rhizomes and fresh weight did not exceed 66.31%, 70.54% and 96.54% after adding powdered dried vegetative part (in amount of 0.6%). The defense strategy developed by lettuce to deal with allelopathic stress could explain the stimulation of tomato growth. Indeed, it increased the production of some metabolites such as polyphenols, flavanols, proanthocyanidins, flavonoids and tannins in addition to proline and carotenoids. An improvement of PAL and TAL activities with a stimulation of the antioxidant activity by increasing DPPH free radicalscavenging activity were also recorded. However, the respiration reduction and the membrane integrity perturbation (demonstrated by an increase in malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage) could explain the weed growth inhibition. These findings emphasize that the use of the powdered dried flowers of N. glauca are effective and easily approach to exploit its valuable secondary metabolites either to control C. dactylon or to improve the production of tomato.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Dried flowers at 1% increased tomato yield.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- adding powdered dried flowers to potting soil (in amount of 1%)e0
- Outcome
- tomato yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Growth Enhancement and for the Weed Cynodon dactylon Control”
e0“adding powdered dried flowers to potting soil (in amount of 1%) was the most effective treatment either to inhibit C. dactylon growth or to increase the tomato yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Dried flowers at 1% inhibited C. dactylon growth.
- Taxon
- Cynodon dactylon
Cynodon dactylont0 - Treatment
- adding powdered dried flowers to potting soil (in amount of 1%)e0
- Interactor
- Cynodon dactylonCynodon dactylont0weed
- Outcome
- C. dactylon growthe0
- Direction
- inhibite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Growth Enhancement and for the Weed Cynodon dactylon Control”
e0“adding powdered dried flowers to potting soil (in amount of 1%) was the most effective treatment either to inhibit C. dactylon growth or to increase the tomato yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato shoot growth was stimulated 35.25%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- shoote0
- Direction
- stimulationse0
- Value
- 35.25%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Growth Enhancement and for the Weed Cynodon dactylon Control”
e0“The stimulations in shoot, root and fresh weight were respectively 35.25%, 328.97%, and 159.04%”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato root growth was stimulated 328.97%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- roote0
- Direction
- stimulationse0
- Value
- 328.97%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Growth Enhancement and for the Weed Cynodon dactylon Control”
e0“The stimulations in shoot, root and fresh weight were respectively 35.25%, 328.97%, and 159.04%”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato fresh weight was stimulated 159.04%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- stimulationse0
- Value
- 159.04%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Growth Enhancement and for the Weed Cynodon dactylon Control”
e0“The stimulations in shoot, root and fresh weight were respectively 35.25%, 328.97%, and 159.04%”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetative aqueous extract spray stimulated tomato growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- aqueous extracts of the vegetative parte0
- Outcome
- growth of tomatoe0
- Direction
- stimulatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Growth Enhancement and for the Weed Cynodon dactylon Control”
e0“aqueous extracts of the vegetative part and flowers spray and vegetative part incorporation into soil treatments were effective in stimulating the growth of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower aqueous extract spray stimulated tomato growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- flowers spraye0
- Outcome
- growth of tomatoe0
- Direction
- stimulatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Growth Enhancement and for the Weed Cynodon dactylon Control”
e0“aqueous extracts of the vegetative part and flowers spray and vegetative part incorporation into soil treatments were effective in stimulating the growth of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetative part incorporation stimulated tomato growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- vegetative part incorporation into soile0
- Outcome
- growth of tomatoe0
- Direction
- stimulatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Growth Enhancement and for the Weed Cynodon dactylon Control”
e0“vegetative part incorporation into soil treatments were effective in stimulating the growth of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Dried vegetative part inhibited Cynodon shoot growth by at most 66.31%.
- Taxon
- Cynodon dactylonCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- adding powdered dried vegetative part (in amount of 0.6%)e0
- Interactor
- Cynodon dactylonCynodon dactylont0weed
- Outcome
- shoote0
- Direction
- inhibitionse0
- Value
- 66.31%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Growth Enhancement and for the Weed Cynodon dactylon Control”
e0“the greatest inhibitions in shoot, rhizomes and fresh weight did not exceed 66.31%, 70.54% and 96.54% after adding powdered dried vegetative part (in amount of 0.6%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dried vegetative part inhibited Cynodon rhizome growth by at most 70.54%.
- Taxon
- Cynodon dactylonCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- adding powdered dried vegetative part (in amount of 0.6%)e0
- Interactor
- Cynodon dactylonCynodon dactylont0weed
- Outcome
- rhizomese0
- Direction
- inhibitionse0
- Value
- 70.54%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Growth Enhancement and for the Weed Cynodon dactylon Control”
e0“the greatest inhibitions in shoot, rhizomes and fresh weight did not exceed 66.31%, 70.54% and 96.54% after adding powdered dried vegetative part (in amount of 0.6%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dried vegetative part inhibited Cynodon fresh weight by at most 96.54%.
- Taxon
- Cynodon dactylonCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- adding powdered dried vegetative part (in amount of 0.6%)e0
- Interactor
- Cynodon dactylonCynodon dactylont0weed
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- inhibitionse0
- Value
- 96.54%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Growth Enhancement and for the Weed Cynodon dactylon Control”
e0“the greatest inhibitions in shoot, rhizomes and fresh weight did not exceed 66.31%, 70.54% and 96.54% after adding powdered dried vegetative part (in amount of 0.6%)”
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