Abstract
Abstract When simulating the response of fruit growth and quality to environmental factors and cultivation practices, the interactions between the mother plant and fruit need to be considered as a whole system. Here, we developed the integrative Tomato plant and fruit Growth and Fruit Sugar metabolism (TGFS) model by coupling equations describing the biophysical processes of leaf gas exchange, water transport, carbon allocation, organ growth and fruit sugar metabolism. The model also accounts for effects of soil nitrogen and atmospheric CO2 concentration on gaseous exchange of water and carbon by the leaf. With different nitrogen and water input values, TGFS performed well at simulating the dry mass of the tomato leaf, stem, root, and fruit, and the concentrations of soluble sugar and starch in fruit. TGFS simulations showed that increasing air temperature and CO2 concentration has positive effects on fruit growth, but not on sugar concentrations. Further model-based analyses of cultivation scenarios suggest that, in the context of climate change, decreasing N by 15%–25% and decreasing irrigation by 10%–20% relative to current levels would increase tomato fresh weight by 27.8%–36.4% while increasing soluble sugar concentration by up to 10%. TGFS provides a promising tool to optimise N and water inputs for sustainable high-quality tomatoes.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
The TGFS model performed well at simulating tomato organ dry mass and fruit soluble sugar and starch concentrations under different nitrogen and water inputs.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Outcome
- dry masse1
- Value
- performed welle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“With different nitrogen and water input values, TGFS performed well at simulating the dry mass of the tomato leaf, stem, root, and fruit, and the concentrations of soluble sugar and starch in fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated increasing air temperature and CO2 concentration had a positive effect on tomato fruit growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- increasing air temperature and CO2 concentratione2
- Outcome
- fruit growthe2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomatoes”
e2“increasing air temperature and CO2 concentration has positive effects on fruit growth, but not on sugar concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated increasing air temperature and CO2 concentration had no effect on tomato fruit sugar concentrations.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- increasing air temperature and CO2 concentratione2
- Outcome
- sugar concentrationse2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomatoes”
e2“increasing air temperature and CO2 concentration has positive effects on fruit growth, but not on sugar concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
In the context of climate change, decreasing N by 15%–25% and irrigation by 10%–20% relative to current levels is projected to increase tomato fresh weight by 27.8%–36.4%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- decreasing N by 15%–25% and decreasing irrigation by 10%–20% relative to current levelse3
- Outcome
- fresh weighte3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- 27.8%–36.4%e3
- Qualifier
- in the context of climate changee3
- Comparator
- current levelse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“in the context of climate change, decreasing N by 15%–25% and decreasing irrigation by 10%–20% relative to current levels would increase tomato fresh weight by 27.8%–36.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
The same reduced N and irrigation scenario is projected to increase tomato soluble sugar concentration by up to 10%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- decreasing N by 15%–25% and decreasing irrigation by 10%–20% relative to current levelse3
- Outcome
- soluble sugar concentratione4
- Direction
- increasinge4
- Value
- up to 10%e4
- Comparator
- current levelse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“in the context of climate change, decreasing N by 15%–25% and decreasing irrigation by 10%–20% relative to current levels would increase tomato fresh weight by 27.8%–36.4%”
e4“while increasing soluble sugar concentration by up to 10%”
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