Abstract
In this study fungal strains were investigated, which had been isolated from eggs of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi, and roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum (Brassicaceae). The morphology, the interaction with nematodes and plants and the phylogenetic relationships of these strains originating from a broad geographic range covering Western Europe to Asia Minor were studied. Phylogenetic analyses using five genomic loci including ITSrDNA, LSUrDNA, SSUrDNA, rpb2 and tef1-α were carried out. The strains were found to represent a distinct phylogenetic lineage most closely related to Equiseticola and Ophiosphaerella, and Polydomus karssenii (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) is introduced here as a new species representing a monotypic genus. The pathogenicity tests against nematode eggs fulfilled Koch's postulates using in vitro nematode bioassays and showed that the fungus could parasitise its original nematode host H. filipjevi as well as the sugar beet cyst nematode H. schachtii, and colonise cysts and eggs of its hosts by forming highly melanised moniliform hyphae. Light microscopic observations on fungus-root interactions in an axenic system revealed the capacity of the same fungal strain to colonise the roots of wheat and produce melanised hyphae and microsclerotia-like structure typical for dark septate endophytes. Confocal laser scanning microscopy further demonstrated that the fungus colonised the root cells by predominant intercellular growth of hyphae, and frequent formation of appressorium-like as well as penetration peg-like structures through internal cell walls surrounded by callosic papilla-like structures. Different strains of the new fungus produced a nearly identical set of secondary metabolites with various biological activities including nematicidal effects irrespective of their origin from plants or nematodes.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The strains represent a distinct phylogenetic lineage most closely related to Equiseticola and Ophiosphaerella.
- Taxon
- Microthlaspi perfoliatum
Microthlaspi perfoliatume1 - Material
- fungal strainse1
- Outcome
- distinct phylogenetic lineagee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“fungal strains were investigated, which had been isolated from eggs of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi, and roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum (Brassicaceae)”
e2“The strains were found to represent a distinct phylogenetic lineage most closely related to Equiseticola and Ophiosphaerella, and Polydomus karssenii (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) is introduced here as a new species representing a monotypic genus”
Claim · model-written summary
Polydomus karssenii is introduced as a new species representing a monotypic genus.
- Taxon
- Microthlaspi perfoliatumMicrothlaspi perfoliatume1
- Outcome
- new speciese2
- Qualifier
- representing a monotypic genuse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“fungal strains were investigated, which had been isolated from eggs of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi, and roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum (Brassicaceae)”
e2“The strains were found to represent a distinct phylogenetic lineage most closely related to Equiseticola and Ophiosphaerella, and Polydomus karssenii (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) is introduced here as a new species representing a monotypic genus”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungus parasitised eggs of its original host Heterodera filipjevi and of the sugar beet cyst nematode H. schachtii, fulfilling Koch's postulates in vitro.
- Taxon
- Microthlaspi perfoliatumMicrothlaspi perfoliatume1
- Interactor
- H. filipjeviHeterodera filipjevie3host
- Second interactor
- H. schachtiiHeterodera schachtiie3host
- Outcome
- parasitisee3
- Qualifier
- fulfilled Koch's postulates using in vitro nematode bioassayse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“fungal strains were investigated, which had been isolated from eggs of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi, and roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum (Brassicaceae)”
e3“The pathogenicity tests against nematode eggs fulfilled Koch's postulates using in vitro nematode bioassays and showed that the fungus could parasitise its original nematode host H. filipjevi as well as the sugar beet cyst nematode H. schachtii”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungus colonised cysts and eggs of its hosts by forming highly melanised moniliform hyphae.
- Taxon
- Microthlaspi perfoliatumMicrothlaspi perfoliatume1
- Outcome
- colonise cysts and eggse4
- Qualifier
- by forming highly melanised moniliform hyphaee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“fungal strains were investigated, which had been isolated from eggs of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi, and roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum (Brassicaceae)”
e4“colonise cysts and eggs of its hosts by forming highly melanised moniliform hyphae”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungus colonised wheat roots.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume5 - Interactor
- funguse5symbiont
- Outcome
- colonise the rootse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Light microscopic observations on fungus-root interactions in an axenic system revealed the capacity of the same fungal strain to colonise the roots of wheat and produce melanised hyphae and microsclerotia-like structure typical for dark septate endophytes”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungus produced melanised hyphae and microsclerotia-like structures in wheat roots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Interactor
- funguse5symbiont
- Outcome
- produce melanised hyphae and microsclerotia-like structuree5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Light microscopic observations on fungus-root interactions in an axenic system revealed the capacity of the same fungal strain to colonise the roots of wheat and produce melanised hyphae and microsclerotia-like structure typical for dark septate endophytes”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungus colonised root cells mainly by predominant intercellular growth of hyphae.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Interactor
- funguse6symbiont
- Outcome
- predominant intercellular growth of hyphaee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Light microscopic observations on fungus-root interactions in an axenic system revealed the capacity of the same fungal strain to colonise the roots of wheat and produce melanised hyphae and microsclerotia-like structure typical for dark septate endophytes”
e6“Confocal laser scanning microscopy further demonstrated that the fungus colonised the root cells by predominant intercellular growth of hyphae”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungus formed appressorium-like and penetration peg-like structures through internal cell walls, surrounded by callosic papilla-like structures.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Interactor
- funguse6symbiont
- Outcome
- appressorium-like as well as penetration peg-like structurese7
- Qualifier
- surrounded by callosic papilla-like structurese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Light microscopic observations on fungus-root interactions in an axenic system revealed the capacity of the same fungal strain to colonise the roots of wheat and produce melanised hyphae and microsclerotia-like structure typical for dark septate endophytes”
e6“Confocal laser scanning microscopy further demonstrated that the fungus colonised the root cells by predominant intercellular growth of hyphae”
e7“frequent formation of appressorium-like as well as penetration peg-like structures through internal cell walls surrounded by callosic papilla-like structures”
Claim · model-written summary
Different strains of the new fungus produced a nearly identical set of secondary metabolites with various biological activities, including nematicidal effects, irrespective of their origin.
- Taxon
- Microthlaspi perfoliatumMicrothlaspi perfoliatume1
- Material
- strainse2
- Outcome
- a nearly identical set of secondary metabolitese2
- Qualifier
- various biological activities including nematicidal effects irrespective of their origin from plants or nematodese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“fungal strains were investigated, which had been isolated from eggs of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi, and roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum (Brassicaceae)”
e2“Different strains of the new fungus produced a nearly identical set of secondary metabolites with various biological activities including nematicidal effects irrespective of their origin from plants or nematodes”