Abstract
A taxonomic treatment is presented for the violets (Violaceae) confirmed in the range described in the second edition of Gleason and Cronquist's Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, in advance of the new treatment of this manual that is in preparation. Recent field, herbarium, and laboratory investigations of eastern North America's violet flora by the author and students have reexamined eastern North American violet taxa and utilized multiple sources of evidence filtered through modern species concepts to delimit taxa and assign appropriate taxonomic rank. Results have led to the recognition of 58 native and eight introduced species, one subspecies, one variety and one form, 10 informal variants, and 113 wild hybrids in our region, representing the genera Cubelium, Pombalia, and Viola. In Viola, two new species are described and three new combinations are made (one to species rank, one to subspecies, and one to forma), and eight names are typified. Viola taxa are distributed across five sections and nine subsections and are representative of most of the infrageneric taxonomic diversity in North America overall. Anomalous variants in Viola emarginata, Viola palmata, Viola septentrionalis, and Viola sororia currently lack sufficient information for taxonomic decisions but are presented to encourage study, collection, and documentation. Six potential taxa occur adjacent to or very near our region and may eventually be discovered in our area; they are included in the keys and briefly described with figures. The treatment includes introductory text, dichotomous keys, synonymy with some type information, detailed descriptions, and other information, as well as color figures of habit and plant structures and US county-level geographic distribution maps for nearly all included taxa.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment recognizes 58 native and eight introduced species.
Verbatim
e0“Results have led to the recognition of 58 native and eight introduced species, one subspecies, one variety and one form, 10 informal variants, and 113 wild hybrids in our region, representing the genera Cubelium, Pombalia, and Viola”
t0“violets (Violaceae)”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment recognizes one subspecies, variety, and form.
- Outcome
- one subspecies, one variety and one forme0
Verbatim
e0“Results have led to the recognition of 58 native and eight introduced species, one subspecies, one variety and one form, 10 informal variants, and 113 wild hybrids in our region, representing the genera Cubelium, Pombalia, and Viola”
t0“violets (Violaceae)”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment recognizes 10 informal variants.
Verbatim
e0“Results have led to the recognition of 58 native and eight introduced species, one subspecies, one variety and one form, 10 informal variants, and 113 wild hybrids in our region, representing the genera Cubelium, Pombalia, and Viola”
t0“violets (Violaceae)”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment recognizes 113 wild hybrids.
Verbatim
e0“Results have led to the recognition of 58 native and eight introduced species, one subspecies, one variety and one form, 10 informal variants, and 113 wild hybrids in our region, representing the genera Cubelium, Pombalia, and Viola”
t0“violets (Violaceae)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two new Viola species were described.
ViolaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Viola, two new species are described and three new combinations are made (one to species rank, one to subspecies, and one to forma), and eight names are typified”
Claim · model-written summary
Three new Viola combinations were made.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Viola, two new species are described and three new combinations are made (one to species rank, one to subspecies, and one to forma), and eight names are typified”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight Viola names were typified.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Viola, two new species are described and three new combinations are made (one to species rank, one to subspecies, and one to forma), and eight names are typified”
Claim · model-written summary
Viola taxa span five sections and nine subsections.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Viola taxa are distributed across five sections and nine subsections”
Claim · model-written summary
Viola taxa span nine subsections.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Viola taxa are distributed across five sections and nine subsections”
Claim · model-written summary
Anomalous variants of four Viola species remain taxonomically unresolved.
- Outcome
- lack sufficient information for taxonomic decisionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Anomalous variants in Viola emarginata, Viola palmata, Viola septentrionalis, and Viola sororia currently lack sufficient information for taxonomic decisions”
Claim · model-written summary
Six potential taxa near the region may eventually be discovered within it.
Verbatim
e0“Six potential taxa occur adjacent to or very near our region and may eventually be discovered in our area”
t0“violets (Violaceae)”