By organism › Green plants › Violaceae › Violaceae

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Thallium hyperaccumulation was found in Violaceae.

Taxon: ViolaceaeViolaceaee0
Outcome: Thallium hyperaccumulatione0
Value: > 100 µg g −1e0

Verbatim

e0
“Thallium hyperaccumulation (> 100 µg g −1 ) was found in the families Violaceae, Lamiaceae and Caryophyllaceae”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1152–1262

Title

Biogeochemical survey of the Allchar (North Macedonia) arsenic-thallium ore body: a focus on hyperaccumulator plants

Ksenija Jakovljević; Katerina Bačeva Andonovska; Mirko Salinitro; et al. Plant and Soil 2025. doi:10.1007/s11104-025-07252-6

Other claims from this paper (12)

Observation Silene latifolia had extreme foliar thallium concentration of 79,200 µg g −1.
Observation Arsenic concentrations were generally low in most surveyed plants.
Observation Thallium hyperaccumulation was found in Lamiaceae.
Observation Thallium hyperaccumulation was found in Caryophyllaceae.
Observation Viola arsenica reached 31,600 μg g −1 foliar thallium.
Observation V. tricolor subsp. macedonica reached 11,700 μg g −1 foliar thallium.
Observation Crven Dol plants had the highest mean thallium concentration, 249 μg g −1.
Observation Crven Dol plants had the highest mean arsenic concentration, 3970 μg g −1.
Observation Clinopodium alpinum was identified as a new thallium hyperaccumulator.
Observation Anthyllis vulneraria was identified as a new thallium hyperaccumulator.
Observation Linum hirsutum was identified as a new thallium hyperaccumulator.
Observation Silene latifolia thallium concentration was the highest recorded in nature.

Observationauthor interpretationreview summarybasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Evidence for glucosinolates in Violaceae was suggestive but needs confirmation.

Taxon: ViolaceaeViolaceaee0
Outcome: suggestive evidencee0
Qualifier: in need of confirmatione0

Verbatim

e0
“good suggestive evidence exist from the family Violaceae, order Malpighiales, but in need of confirmation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 748–853

Title

Glucosinolates in non-Brassicales plant species: Critical literature evaluation and testing of two high chemical quality reports

Azra Đulović; Marcus A. Koch; Panumart Thongyoo; et al. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 2024. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2024.104864

Other claims from this paper (15)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The treatment recognizes 58 native and eight introduced species.

Taxon: violets (Violaceae)Violaceaet0
Outcome: native and eight introduced speciese0
Value: 58 native and eight introduced speciese0

Verbatim

e0
“Results have led to the recognition of 58 native and eight introduced species, one subspecies, one variety and one form, 10 informal variants, and 113 wild hybrids in our region, representing the genera Cubelium, Pombalia, and Viola”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 604–836

t0
“violets (Violaceae)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 29–48

Title

A taxonomic treatment of the violets (Violaceae) of the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada 1

Harvey E. Ballard; John T. Kartesz; Misako Nishino The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 2023. doi:10.3159/torrey-d-22-00029.1

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation The treatment recognizes one subspecies, variety, and form.
Observation The treatment recognizes 10 informal variants.
Observation The treatment recognizes 113 wild hybrids.
Observation Two new Viola species were described.
Observation Three new Viola combinations were made.
Observation Eight Viola names were typified.
Observation Viola taxa span five sections and nine subsections.
Observation Viola taxa span nine subsections.
Observation Anomalous variants of four Viola species remain taxonomically unresolved.
Observation Six potential taxa near the region may eventually be discovered within it.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The treatment recognizes one subspecies, variety, and form.

Taxon: violets (Violaceae)Violaceaet0
Outcome: one subspecies, one variety and one forme0

Verbatim

e0
“Results have led to the recognition of 58 native and eight introduced species, one subspecies, one variety and one form, 10 informal variants, and 113 wild hybrids in our region, representing the genera Cubelium, Pombalia, and Viola”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 604–836

t0
“violets (Violaceae)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 29–48

Title

A taxonomic treatment of the violets (Violaceae) of the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada 1

Harvey E. Ballard; John T. Kartesz; Misako Nishino The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 2023. doi:10.3159/torrey-d-22-00029.1

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation The treatment recognizes 58 native and eight introduced species.
Observation The treatment recognizes 10 informal variants.
Observation The treatment recognizes 113 wild hybrids.
Observation Two new Viola species were described.
Observation Three new Viola combinations were made.
Observation Eight Viola names were typified.
Observation Viola taxa span five sections and nine subsections.
Observation Viola taxa span nine subsections.
Observation Anomalous variants of four Viola species remain taxonomically unresolved.
Observation Six potential taxa near the region may eventually be discovered within it.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The treatment recognizes 10 informal variants.

Taxon: violets (Violaceae)Violaceaet0
Outcome: informal variantse0
Value: 10 informal variantse0

Verbatim

e0
“Results have led to the recognition of 58 native and eight introduced species, one subspecies, one variety and one form, 10 informal variants, and 113 wild hybrids in our region, representing the genera Cubelium, Pombalia, and Viola”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 604–836

t0
“violets (Violaceae)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 29–48

Title

A taxonomic treatment of the violets (Violaceae) of the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada 1

Harvey E. Ballard; John T. Kartesz; Misako Nishino The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 2023. doi:10.3159/torrey-d-22-00029.1

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation The treatment recognizes 58 native and eight introduced species.
Observation The treatment recognizes one subspecies, variety, and form.
Observation The treatment recognizes 113 wild hybrids.
Observation Two new Viola species were described.
Observation Three new Viola combinations were made.
Observation Eight Viola names were typified.
Observation Viola taxa span five sections and nine subsections.
Observation Viola taxa span nine subsections.
Observation Anomalous variants of four Viola species remain taxonomically unresolved.
Observation Six potential taxa near the region may eventually be discovered within it.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The treatment recognizes 113 wild hybrids.

Taxon: violets (Violaceae)Violaceaet0
Outcome: wild hybridse0
Value: 113 wild hybridse0

Verbatim

e0
“Results have led to the recognition of 58 native and eight introduced species, one subspecies, one variety and one form, 10 informal variants, and 113 wild hybrids in our region, representing the genera Cubelium, Pombalia, and Viola”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 604–836

t0
“violets (Violaceae)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 29–48

Title

A taxonomic treatment of the violets (Violaceae) of the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada 1

Harvey E. Ballard; John T. Kartesz; Misako Nishino The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 2023. doi:10.3159/torrey-d-22-00029.1

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation The treatment recognizes 58 native and eight introduced species.
Observation The treatment recognizes one subspecies, variety, and form.
Observation The treatment recognizes 10 informal variants.
Observation Two new Viola species were described.
Observation Three new Viola combinations were made.
Observation Eight Viola names were typified.
Observation Viola taxa span five sections and nine subsections.
Observation Viola taxa span nine subsections.
Observation Anomalous variants of four Viola species remain taxonomically unresolved.
Observation Six potential taxa near the region may eventually be discovered within it.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Six potential taxa near the region may eventually be discovered within it.

Taxon: violets (Violaceae)Violaceaet0
Outcome: potential taxa occur adjacent to or very near our regione0
Value: Six potential taxae0

Verbatim

e0
“Six potential taxa occur adjacent to or very near our region and may eventually be discovered in our area”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1397–1502

t0
“violets (Violaceae)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 29–48

Title

A taxonomic treatment of the violets (Violaceae) of the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada 1

Harvey E. Ballard; John T. Kartesz; Misako Nishino The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 2023. doi:10.3159/torrey-d-22-00029.1

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation The treatment recognizes 58 native and eight introduced species.
Observation The treatment recognizes one subspecies, variety, and form.
Observation The treatment recognizes 10 informal variants.
Observation The treatment recognizes 113 wild hybrids.
Observation Two new Viola species were described.
Observation Three new Viola combinations were made.
Observation Eight Viola names were typified.
Observation Viola taxa span five sections and nine subsections.
Observation Viola taxa span nine subsections.
Observation Anomalous variants of four Viola species remain taxonomically unresolved.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Orchidaceae, Ophioglossaceae, Ranunculaceae and Violaceae declined more than the flora overall.

Taxon: Orchidaceae, Ophioglossaceae, Ranunculaceae, and ViolaceaeRanunculaceae Orchidaceae Ophioglossaceae Violaceaee0
Outcome: declinese0
Direction: greater declinese0
Comparator: flora as a wholee0

Verbatim

e0
“Several families exhibited greater declines than the flora as a whole, including the Orchidaceae, Ophioglossaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Violaceae.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 552–696

Title

Two Centuries of Change in the Native Flora of Franklin County, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

Robert I. Bertin; Karen B. Searcy; Glenn Motzkin; et al. Rhodora 2022. doi:10.3119/21-18