Abstract
Abstract Background and aims The Allchar site in North Macedonia has a unique geology exceptionally enriched in arsenic and thallium, making the local soils extremely toxic to plant life. Surprisingly, the mineralized soils at Allchar host a diverse flora, with unknown metal(loid) accumulation potential for most of these plant species. The main aim of this study was to determine the elemental profiles ('elementomes') of plant species growing naturally in the Allchar area and to assess their elemental accumulation in relationship to concentrations in the soil in which the plants grow. Methods Samples of in total 23 plant species (with at least 4 replicates per species) and their associated rhizospheric soils were collected in the field at the Allchar site in North Macedonia and analysed with monochromatic X-ray fluorescence analysis for total and DTPA-extractable metal and metalloid concentrations. Results High foliar concentrations of thallium were found in some plant species, being the most extreme in Silene latifolia , at 79,200 µg g −1 thallium, whilst arsenic concentrations are generally low in most of the plant species analysed. Thallium hyperaccumulation (> 100 µg g −1 ) was found in the families Violaceae, Lamiaceae and Caryophyllaceae. Particularly high foliar thallium concentrations were found in Viola arsenica and V . tricolor subsp. macedonica , reaching up to 31,600 and 11,700 μg g −1 thallium, respectively. The elemental concentrations in soil and plant samples reflect that of the local mineralogy of the three different areas investigated at the Allchar site, with the highest mean values for thallium and arsenic in the Crven Dol area, and 249 and 3970 μg g −1 , respectively, in the plants that were analysed. Conclusion The present study led to the discovery of several new thallium hyperaccumulating plant species, such as Clinopodium alpinum , Anthyllis vulneraria and Linum hirsutum , whereas the thallium concentrations found in Silene latifolia are the highest thus far recorded in nature highlighting the potential of this species for thallium phytomining applications.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Silene latifolia had extreme foliar thallium concentration of 79,200 µg g −1.
- Taxon
- Silene latifolia
_Silene_latifolia_-_flower.jpg?width=60)
Silene latifoliae0 - Organ / stage
- foliare0
- Outcome
- concentrations of thalliume0
- Direction
- most extremee0
- Value
- 79,200 µg g −1 thalliume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Silene_latifolia_-_flower.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“High foliar concentrations of thallium were found in some plant species, being the most extreme in Silene latifolia , at 79,200 µg g −1 thallium”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic concentrations were generally low in most surveyed plants.
Verbatim
e0“arsenic concentrations are generally low in most of the plant species analysed”
Claim · model-written summary
Thallium hyperaccumulation was found in Violaceae.
Verbatim
e0“Thallium hyperaccumulation (> 100 µg g −1 ) was found in the families Violaceae, Lamiaceae and Caryophyllaceae”
Claim · model-written summary
Thallium hyperaccumulation was found in Lamiaceae.
Verbatim
e0“Thallium hyperaccumulation (> 100 µg g −1 ) was found in the families Violaceae, Lamiaceae and Caryophyllaceae”
Claim · model-written summary
Thallium hyperaccumulation was found in Caryophyllaceae.
- Taxon
- CaryophyllaceaeCaryophyllaceaee0
- Outcome
- Thallium hyperaccumulatione0
- Value
- > 100 µg g −1e0
Verbatim
e0“Thallium hyperaccumulation (> 100 µg g −1 ) was found in the families Violaceae, Lamiaceae and Caryophyllaceae”
Claim · model-written summary
Viola arsenica reached 31,600 μg g −1 foliar thallium.
- Taxon
- Viola arsenicaViola arsenicae0
- Outcome
- foliar thallium concentrationse0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 31,600 and 11,700 μg g −1 thalliume0
Verbatim
e0“Particularly high foliar thallium concentrations were found in Viola arsenica and V . tricolor subsp. macedonica , reaching up to 31,600 and 11,700 μg g −1 thallium, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
V. tricolor subsp. macedonica reached 11,700 μg g −1 foliar thallium.
- Taxon
- V . tricolor subsp. macedonica
Viola tricolor subsp. macedonicae0 - Outcome
- foliar thallium concentrationse0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 11,700 μg g −1 thalliume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Particularly high foliar thallium concentrations were found in Viola arsenica and V . tricolor subsp. macedonica , reaching up to 31,600 and 11,700 μg g −1 thallium, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Crven Dol plants had the highest mean thallium concentration, 249 μg g −1.
Verbatim
e0“the highest mean values for thallium and arsenic in the Crven Dol area, and 249 and 3970 μg g −1 , respectively, in the plants that were analysed”
Claim · model-written summary
Crven Dol plants had the highest mean arsenic concentration, 3970 μg g −1.
Verbatim
e0“the highest mean values for thallium and arsenic in the Crven Dol area, and 249 and 3970 μg g −1 , respectively, in the plants that were analysed”
Claim · model-written summary
Clinopodium alpinum was identified as a new thallium hyperaccumulator.
- Taxon
- Clinopodium alpinum
Clinopodium alpinume0 - Outcome
- new thallium hyperaccumulating plant speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“discovery of several new thallium hyperaccumulating plant species, such as Clinopodium alpinum , Anthyllis vulneraria and Linum hirsutum”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthyllis vulneraria was identified as a new thallium hyperaccumulator.
- Taxon
- Anthyllis vulneraria
Anthyllis vulnerariae0 - Outcome
- new thallium hyperaccumulating plant speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“discovery of several new thallium hyperaccumulating plant species, such as Clinopodium alpinum , Anthyllis vulneraria and Linum hirsutum”
Claim · model-written summary
Linum hirsutum was identified as a new thallium hyperaccumulator.
- Taxon
- Linum hirsutum
Linum hirsutume0 - Outcome
- new thallium hyperaccumulating plant speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“discovery of several new thallium hyperaccumulating plant species, such as Clinopodium alpinum , Anthyllis vulneraria and Linum hirsutum”
Claim · model-written summary
Silene latifolia thallium concentration was the highest recorded in nature.
- Taxon
- Silene latifoliaSilene latifoliae0
- Outcome
- thallium concentrationse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the thallium concentrations found in Silene latifolia are the highest thus far recorded in nature”