Paper · 2023 · Indian Journal of Weed Science

Weed management with pre- and post-emergence herbicides in Kharif maize in sub-mountainous area of Punjab, India

Amit Kaul; Bikramjit Singh; Mandeep Singh

Read at the source ↗doi:10.5958/0974-8164.2023.00005.9 ↗OpenAlex W4362570490 ↗In the paper network →

4
claims
6
verbatim quotes
1
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pathankot, Punjab, India during Kharif 2016 and 2017 to identify the best herbicides-based weed management practices in maize (Zea mays L.). The treatments consisted of pre-emergence (PE) application of atrazine 1000 g/ha, pendimethalin 750 g/ha, pendimethalin 750 g/ha + atrazine 750 g/ha and post-emergence (PoE) application of tembotrione 110.2 g/ha, tembotrione 110.2 g/ha + atrazine 625 g/ha and 2,4-D amine salt 580 g/ha, hand weeding twice at 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) and weedy check. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. The tembotrione 110.2 g/ha + atrazine 625 g/ha (tank mix) PoE at 25 DAS recorded the highest weed control efficiency (94.2%), maize grain yield (4.43 t/ha), net monetary returns ( 28047.3) and B:C (1.77).

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 4

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The tank mix had the highest weed control efficiency of 94.2%.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse1
Treatment
tembotrione 110.2 g/ha + atrazine 625 g/ha (tank mix) PoE at 25 DASe0
Interactor
weede0weed
Outcome
weed control efficiencye0
Direction
higheste0
Value
94.2%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The tembotrione 110.2 g/ha + atrazine 625 g/ha (tank mix) PoE at 25 DAS recorded the highest weed control efficiency (94.2%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 660–784 · show in text ↑
e1

“maize (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 210–229 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The tank mix produced the highest maize grain yield of 4.43 t/ha.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse1
Treatment
tembotrione 110.2 g/ha + atrazine 625 g/ha (tank mix) PoE at 25 DASe0
Outcome
maize grain yielde0
Direction
higheste0
Value
4.43 t/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The tembotrione 110.2 g/ha + atrazine 625 g/ha (tank mix) PoE at 25 DAS recorded the highest weed control efficiency (94.2%), maize grain yield (4.43 t/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 660–815 · show in text ↑
e1

“maize (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 210–229 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The tank mix produced the highest net monetary returns of 28047.3.

Treatment
tembotrione 110.2 g/ha + atrazine 625 g/ha (tank mix) PoE at 25 DASe0
Outcome
net monetary returnse0
Direction
higheste0
Value
28047.3e0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0

“The tembotrione 110.2 g/ha + atrazine 625 g/ha (tank mix) PoE at 25 DAS recorded the highest weed control efficiency (94.2%), maize grain yield (4.43 t/ha), net monetary returns ( 28047.3)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 660–848 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The tank mix produced the highest benefit-cost ratio of 1.77.

Treatment
tembotrione 110.2 g/ha + atrazine 625 g/ha (tank mix) PoE at 25 DASe0
Outcome
B:Ce0
Direction
higheste0
Value
1.77e0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0

“The tembotrione 110.2 g/ha + atrazine 625 g/ha (tank mix) PoE at 25 DAS recorded the highest weed control efficiency (94.2%), maize grain yield (4.43 t/ha), net monetary returns ( 28047.3) and B:C (1.77).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 660–864 · show in text ↑

atrazine · weed · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

202 papers: 197 positive, 5 negative or no effect

196 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
    Sequential atrazine and tembotrione reduced weed density, biomass and nutrient uptake.

    Integrated strategies for effective weed management and improved yield of maize · 2025

    Same directionCites this paper

  2. negative
    Reducing atrazine and metolachlor to one-fourth the rate in the absence of cover crop reduced weed control in three of four years compared with the standard treatment.

    Reduced-Herbicide Weed Management Systems for No-Tillage Corn (Zea mays) in a Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) Cover Crop · 1993 · compared with the standard treatment

    Opposite direction

  3. negative
    Early preplant atrazine and/or metolachlor gave reduced late season weed control in no till corn compared with preemergence or sequential application.

    Early Preplant Atrazine and Metolachlor in Conservation Tillage Corn (Zea mays) · 1991 · compared with preemergence and early preplant/preemergence sequential treatments

    Opposite direction

198 papers more in this group

See all 202 papers →

atrazine · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

240 papers: 205 positive, 35 negative or no effect

204 papers in the same direction as this paper · 29 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
    The sequential herbicides yielded higher yield, harvest index and nutrient uptake.

    Integrated strategies for effective weed management and improved yield of maize · 2025

    Same directionCites this paper

  2. negative
    Corn grain yield fell 39% in year five where atrazine had been discontinued.

    Weed Seed Decline in Irrigated Soil after Six Years of Continuous Corn(Zea mays)and Herbicides · 1984

    Opposite direction

  3. no effect
    Sweet corn yields at Blackville and Tifton were similar between the half and full rates of atrazine plus S-metolachlor after wild radish or rye cover crops.

    Use of Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) and Rye Cover Crops for Weed Suppression in Sweet Corn · 2008

    Opposite direction

236 papers more in this group

See all 240 papers →

tembotrione · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

73 papers: 68 positive, 5 negative or no effect

67 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
    The sequential herbicides yielded higher yield, harvest index and nutrient uptake.

    Integrated strategies for effective weed management and improved yield of maize · 2025

    Same directionCites this paper

  2. no effect
    Corn yield was not affected by the HPPD-inhibiting herbicide applications.

    Is There a Benefit of Adding Atrazine to HPPD-Inhibiting Herbicides for Control of Multiple-Herbicide-Resistant, Including Group 5-Resistant, Waterhemp in Corn? · 2021

    Opposite direction

  3. no effect
    Same-day nitrogen fertilization with tembotrione caused no yield reduction in three maize hybrids.

    Interactions Between Herbicide Application and Timing of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize Hybrids · 2019

    Opposite direction

69 papers more in this group

See all 73 papers →

tembotrione · weed · Zea mays (maize)Results agree

66 papers: 66 positive, 0 negative or no effect

65 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
    Sequential atrazine and tembotrione reduced weed density, biomass and nutrient uptake.

    Integrated strategies for effective weed management and improved yield of maize · 2025

    Same directionCites this paper

  2. positive
    Tembotrione at 120 g/ha with surfactant controlled grassy and non-grassy weeds most effectively relative to other herbicide treatments.

    Bioefficacy of tembotrione against mixed weed complex in maize · 2012 · compared with other herbicidal treatments

    Same direction

  3. positive
    Atrazine + simazine + tembotrione in SYN 7B28 hybrids gave the best control of the weeds.

    Chemical management of weeds in corn hybrids · 2018

    Same direction

62 papers more in this group

See all 66 papers →

herbicide · weed · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

406 papers: 360 positive, 46 negative or no effect

359 papers in the same direction as this paper · 36 in the opposite direction · 10 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
    GMHT management increased weed biomass in maize.

    Responses of plants and invertebrate trophic groups to contrasting herbicide regimes in the Farm Scale Evaluations of genetically modified herbicide–tolerant crops · 2003 · compared with conventional treatments

    Opposite direction

  2. negative
    Without herbicide, weed control was poor regardless of row spacing or population.

    Influence of Narrow Row/High Population Corn (Zea mays) on Weed Control and Light Transmittance · 1995

    Opposite direction

  3. no effect
    Weed diversity was little affected by treatment in all three crops except immediately after herbicide use.

    Weeds in fields with contrasting conventional and genetically modified herbicide–tolerant crops. I. Effects on abundance and diversity · 2003

    Opposite direction

402 papers more in this group

See all 406 papers →

herbicide · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

651 papers: 500 positive, 151 negative or no effect

499 papers in the same direction as this paper · 127 in the opposite direction · 24 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
    Without herbicide, yield was reduced regardless of row spacing or population.

    Influence of Narrow Row/High Population Corn (Zea mays) on Weed Control and Light Transmittance · 1995

    Opposite direction

  2. negative
    Lack of weed control reduced green ear yield and grain yield of corn.

    Corn yield response to weed and fall armyworm controls · 2010 · compared with weed control

    Opposite direction

  3. no effect
    Herbicide-treated plots had no significant corn grain yield difference from handweeded plots.

    Effect of Postemergence Application Rate and Timing of Mesotrione on Corn (Zea mays) Response and Weed Control1 · 2002 · compared with handweeded plots

    Opposite direction

647 papers more in this group

See all 651 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.