Abstract
The evolution of multiple-herbicide-resistant (MHR) waterhemp (resistant to Groups 2, 5, 9, and 14) in Ontario, Canada is challenging for growers. The complementary activity of the co-application of hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicides with atrazine has been well documented. The objective of this research was to determine if the addition of atrazine to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicides applied postemergence improves their consistency of MHR waterhemp (including Group 5 resistance) in corn. Five field trials were conducted over a two-year period (2018, 2019) in Ontario, Canada. Five HPPD-inhibiting herbicides [isoxaflutole (105 g ha-1), mesotrione (100 g ha-1), topramezone (12.5 g ha-1), tembotrione (90 g ha-1), and tolpyralate (30 g ha-1)] were applied postemergence with and without atrazine to 10-cm-tall waterhemp. Corn injury (≤ 10%) was observed at specific sites where the application of tembotrione, isoxaflutole and isoxaflutole + atrazine resulted in characteristic white bleaching of corn foliage; however, yield was not affected. Averaged across field sites, the addition of atrazine to isoxaflutole, mesotrione, topramezone, or tembotrione improved MHR waterhemp control 15%, 11%, 7%, and 7%, respectively at 4 weeks after application (WAA). Averaged across herbicide treatments and sites, the addition of atrazine reduced the standard error of MHR waterhemp control by 13% to 100%. This study concludes that the co-application of atrazine with HPPD-inhibitors applied postemergence reduced the risk of herbicide failure and resulted in greater and more consistent control of MHR waterhemp.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Corn injury of up to 10% was observed at specific sites after HPPD-inhibitor applications, with white bleaching of corn foliage.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Outcome
- injurye1
- Value
- ≤ 10%e1
- Setting
- specific sitese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Corn injury (≤ 10%) was observed at specific sites where the application of tembotrione, isoxaflutole and isoxaflutole + atrazine resulted in characteristic white bleaching of corn foliage; however, yield was not affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yield was not affected by the HPPD-inhibiting herbicide applications.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- tembotrione, isoxaflutole and isoxaflutole + atrazinee1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- not affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Corn injury (≤ 10%) was observed at specific sites where the application of tembotrione, isoxaflutole and isoxaflutole + atrazine resulted in characteristic white bleaching of corn foliage; however, yield was not affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding atrazine to isoxaflutole improved MHR waterhemp control by 15% at 4 weeks after application.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- addition of atrazinee2
- Interactor
- MHR waterhempe2weed
- Outcome
- MHR waterhemp controle2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 15%e2
- Qualifier
- isoxaflutolee2
- Comparator
- without atrazinee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Waterhemp in Corn”
e2“the addition of atrazine to isoxaflutole, mesotrione, topramezone, or tembotrione improved MHR waterhemp control 15%, 11%, 7%, and 7%, respectively at 4 weeks after application (WAA)”
e3“applied postemergence with and without atrazine to 10-cm-tall waterhemp”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding atrazine to mesotrione improved MHR waterhemp control by 11% at 4 weeks after application.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- addition of atrazinee2
- Interactor
- MHR waterhempe2weed
- Outcome
- MHR waterhemp controle2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 11%e2
- Qualifier
- mesotrionee2
- Comparator
- without atrazinee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Waterhemp in Corn”
e2“the addition of atrazine to isoxaflutole, mesotrione, topramezone, or tembotrione improved MHR waterhemp control 15%, 11%, 7%, and 7%, respectively at 4 weeks after application (WAA)”
e3“applied postemergence with and without atrazine to 10-cm-tall waterhemp”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding atrazine to topramezone improved MHR waterhemp control by 7% at 4 weeks after application.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- addition of atrazinee2
- Interactor
- MHR waterhempe2weed
- Outcome
- MHR waterhemp controle2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 7%e2
- Qualifier
- topramezonee2
- Comparator
- without atrazinee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Waterhemp in Corn”
e2“the addition of atrazine to isoxaflutole, mesotrione, topramezone, or tembotrione improved MHR waterhemp control 15%, 11%, 7%, and 7%, respectively at 4 weeks after application (WAA)”
e3“applied postemergence with and without atrazine to 10-cm-tall waterhemp”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding atrazine to tembotrione improved MHR waterhemp control by 7% at 4 weeks after application.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- addition of atrazinee2
- Interactor
- MHR waterhempe2weed
- Outcome
- MHR waterhemp controle2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 7%e2
- Qualifier
- tembotrionee2
- Comparator
- without atrazinee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Waterhemp in Corn”
e2“the addition of atrazine to isoxaflutole, mesotrione, topramezone, or tembotrione improved MHR waterhemp control 15%, 11%, 7%, and 7%, respectively at 4 weeks after application (WAA)”
e3“applied postemergence with and without atrazine to 10-cm-tall waterhemp”
Claim · model-written summary
Averaged across herbicides and sites, adding atrazine reduced the standard error of MHR waterhemp control by 13% to 100%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- addition of atrazinee4
- Interactor
- MHR waterhempe4weed
- Outcome
- standard error of MHR waterhemp controle4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- 13% to 100%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Waterhemp in Corn”
e4“Averaged across herbicide treatments and sites, the addition of atrazine reduced the standard error of MHR waterhemp control by 13% to 100%”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-applying atrazine with postemergence HPPD-inhibitors reduced the risk of herbicide failure in waterhemp control.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- co-application of atrazine with HPPD-inhibitors applied postemergencee5
- Outcome
- risk of herbicide failuree5
- Direction
- reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Waterhemp in Corn”
e5“the co-application of atrazine with HPPD-inhibitors applied postemergence reduced the risk of herbicide failure”
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