Abstract
Competitiveness of weeds that survive a PRE herbicide application (escaped weeds) might be altered because of herbicide injury. As a result, potential crop yield loss may be reduced. Field experiments were conducted at Ashland Bottoms, KS, in 2001 and 2002 and at Rossville, KS, in 2002. The objectives were to quantify corn growth and yield response to Palmer amaranth or velvetleaf competition, with or without isoxaflutole (0.03 kg ha −1 ) or flumetsulam (0.04 kg ha −1 ) application, and to determine seed production of Palmer amaranth or velvetleaf as affected by PRE herbicide. Palmer amaranth and velvetleaf densities ranged from 0 to 6 and 0 to 32 plants m −1 of corn row, respectively. At Ashland Bottoms in 2002, corn height at tasseling decreased with increasing Palmer amaranth (1.58 cm weed −1 m −1 ) and velvetleaf (1.32 cm weed −1 m −1 ) density when no herbicide was applied. With flumetsulam application, each increase in velvetleaf density reduced corn height by 0.4 cm. Escaped Palmer amaranth and velvetleaf were shorter than untreated plants at corn tasseling. At Rossville in 2002, Palmer amaranth that escaped isoxaflutole or flumetsulam application caused 13% corn yield loss (YL) at a density of 3 plants m −1 . In contrast, corn YL from untreated Palmer amaranth at the same density was 30%. At Ashland Bottoms in 2002, velvetleaf that escaped flumetsulam caused 3% corn YL at a density of 3 plants m −1 compared with 38% YL caused by untreated velvetleaf at the same density. Seed production of Palmer amaranth was independent of density or herbicide treatment, whereas production of velvetleaf seed increased with density, with or without flumetsulam. The study showed that corn YL from both Palmer amaranth and velvetleaf that escaped a PRE herbicide was less than from untreated weeds, but seed production by escaped weeds was similar to that of untreated weeds.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Corn height at tasseling decreased by 1.58 cm weed −1 m −1 per Palmer amaranth density increment without herbicide.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- corn height at tasselinge0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 1.58 cm weed −1 m −1e0
- Qualifier
- when no herbicide was appliede0
- Setting
- Ashland Bottomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Ashland Bottoms in 2002, corn height at tasseling decreased with increasing Palmer amaranth (1.58 cm weed −1 m −1 ) and velvetleaf (1.32 cm weed −1 m −1 ) density when no herbicide was applied.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn height at tasseling decreased by 1.32 cm weed −1 m −1 per velvetleaf density increment without herbicide.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- velvetleaf
Abutilon theophrastie0weed - Outcome
- corn height at tasselinge0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 1.32 cm weed −1 m −1e0
- Qualifier
- when no herbicide was appliede0
- Setting
- Ashland Bottomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Ashland Bottoms in 2002, corn height at tasseling decreased with increasing Palmer amaranth (1.58 cm weed −1 m −1 ) and velvetleaf (1.32 cm weed −1 m −1 ) density when no herbicide was applied.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
With flumetsulam, each added velvetleaf reduced corn height by 0.4 cm.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- flumetsulam applicatione0
- Interactor
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0weed
- Outcome
- corn heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 0.4 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With flumetsulam application, each increase in velvetleaf density reduced corn height by 0.4 cm.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Palmer amaranth surviving herbicide was shorter than untreated plants at corn tasseling.
- Taxon
- Palmer amaranthe0
- Organ / stage
- corn tasselinge0
- Treatment
- Escapede0
- Interactor
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0other
- Outcome
- shortere0
- Direction
- shortere0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Escaped Palmer amaranth and velvetleaf were shorter than untreated plants at corn tasseling.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
velvetleaf surviving herbicide was shorter than untreated plants at corn tasseling.
- Taxon
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0
- Organ / stage
- corn tasselinge0
- Treatment
- Escapede0
- Interactor
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0other
- Outcome
- shortere0
- Direction
- shortere0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Escaped Palmer amaranth and velvetleaf were shorter than untreated plants at corn tasseling.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Escaped Palmer amaranth under isoxaflutole or flumetsulam caused 13% corn yield loss at three plants per meter, versus 30% from untreated weeds.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- isoxaflutole or flumetsulam applicatione0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- corn yield losse0
- Value
- 13%e0
- Qualifier
- 30%e0
- Comparator
- untreated Palmer amaranthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Palmer amaranth that escaped isoxaflutole or flumetsulam application caused 13% corn yield loss (YL) at a density of 3 plants m −1 . In contrast, corn YL from untreated Palmer amaranth at the same density was 30%.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Escaped velvetleaf under flumetsulam caused 3% corn yield loss, versus 38% from untreated velvetleaf at the same density.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- flumetsulame0
- Interactor
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0weed
- Outcome
- corn YLe0
- Value
- 3%e0
- Qualifier
- 38%e0
- Comparator
- untreated velvetleafe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“velvetleaf that escaped flumetsulam caused 3% corn YL at a density of 3 plants m −1 compared with 38% YL caused by untreated velvetleaf at the same density.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Palmer amaranth seed production was independent of density and herbicide treatment.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Seed production of Palmer amaranth was independent of density or herbicide treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Velvetleaf seed production increased with density, with or without flumetsulam.
- Taxon
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0
- Treatment
- flumetsulame0
- Outcome
- production of velvetleaf seede0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- densitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“production of velvetleaf seed increased with density, with or without flumetsulam.”
Claim · model-written summary
Escaped weeds had seed production similar to untreated weeds.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- escaped weedse0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- seed productione0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- untreated weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed production by escaped weeds was similar to that of untreated weeds.”
t0“corn”
The same questions in other papers
Flumetsulam · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
isoxaflutole · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.