Abstract
Summary. Studies were conducted to determine the effects of herbicide placement at different zones of maize ( Zea mays L.) and pea ( Pisum sativwm L.) shoots below the soil surface after emergence. Soil was removed from around the shoots and replaced with herbicide‐treated soil. A wax barrier ensured separate exposure of the zones to treated soil. EPTC, chlorpropham, propham and sulfallate did not affect pea shoot growth, but in maize the shoot zone adjacent to the crown root node was extremely sensitive. Treatment in this area markedly reduced growth and severely inhibited the crown roots. The difference in susceptibility between these species may he due to the location of the growing point relative to the treated soil. Shoots of maize and pea were sensitive to diuron. In maize the shoot adjacent to the crown root node and the tissue of the first internode were the most susceptible. In pea the‐ uppermost shoot (beneath the soil surface) was the most sensitive. Trifluralin did not affect growth of maize and pea when placed in the shoot zone after emergence, although the crown roots of maize were severely inhibited. Naptalam, dalapon and 2,4‐D did not affect growth of maize under similar conditions, and of these only 2,4‐D reduced growth of pea. Zone d'abiorption des tiges pour les herbicides appliqués sur h sol
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
EPTC, chlorpropham, propham and sulfallate did not affect pea shoot growth.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse1 - Organ / stage
- shoote1
- Treatment
- EPTC, chlorpropham, propham and sulfallatee1
- Outcome
- shoot growthe1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“EPTC, chlorpropham, propham and sulfallate did not affect pea shoot growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide placement in the maize shoot zone next to the crown root node markedly reduced growth.
- Organ / stage
- shoot zone adjacent to the crown root nodee2
- Treatment
- herbicide placemente0
- Outcome
- growthe3
- Direction
- markedly reducede3
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Studies were conducted to determine the effects of herbicide placement at different zones of maize ( Zea mays L.) and pea ( Pisum sativwm L.) shoots below the soil surface after emergence”
e2“in maize the shoot zone adjacent to the crown root node was extremely sensitive”
e3“Treatment in this area markedly reduced growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide placement in the maize shoot zone severely inhibited the crown roots.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Studies were conducted to determine the effects of herbicide placement at different zones of maize ( Zea mays L.) and pea ( Pisum sativwm L.) shoots below the soil surface after emergence”
e4“severely inhibited the crown roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize shoots were sensitive to diuron.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Shoots of maize and pea were sensitive to diuron”
Claim · model-written summary
Pea shoots were sensitive to diuron.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse5
- Treatment
- diurone5
- Outcome
- sensitivee5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Shoots of maize and pea were sensitive to diuron”
Claim · model-written summary
In pea, the uppermost shoot beneath the soil surface was the most sensitive zone to diuron.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse5
- Organ / stage
- uppermost shoote6
- Outcome
- most sensitivee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Shoots of maize and pea were sensitive to diuron”
e6“uppermost shoot (beneath the soil surface) was the most sensitive”
Claim · model-written summary
In maize, the shoot adjacent to the crown root node was the most susceptible zone.
- Organ / stage
- shoot adjacent to the crown root nodee7
- Outcome
- most susceptiblee7
- Qualifier
- tissue of the first internodee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“In maize the shoot adjacent to the crown root node and the tissue of the first internode were the most susceptible”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin did not affect maize growth when placed in the shoot zone after emergence.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Trifluralin did not affect growth of maize and pea when placed in the shoot zone after emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin did not affect pea growth when placed in the shoot zone after emergence.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- Trifluraline1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Trifluralin did not affect growth of maize and pea when placed in the shoot zone after emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin severely inhibited the crown roots of maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Trifluralin did not affect growth of maize and pea when placed in the shoot zone after emergence”
e2“although the crown roots of maize were severely inhibited”
Claim · model-written summary
Naptalam, dalapon and 2,4‐D did not affect maize growth under similar conditions.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Naptalam, dalapon and 2,4‐D did not affect growth of maize under similar conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Of the tested herbicides, only 2,4‐D reduced pea growth.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- 2,4‐De1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“of these only 2,4‐D reduced growth of pea”
The same questions in other papers
trifluralin · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →2,4-D · growth · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →2,4-D · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 37 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
42 papers more in this group
See all 46 papers →trifluralin · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
naptalam · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
trifluralin · growth · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- no effect
herbicide · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
27 papers more in this group
See all 31 papers →herbicide · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
56 papers in the same direction as this paper · 86 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
139 papers more in this group
See all 143 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.