Abstract
Iron is an essential element for plants as well as all living organisms, functioning in various physiological and biochemical processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, DNA synthesis, and N2 fixation. In the soil, Fe bioavailability is extremely low, especially under aerobic conditions and at high pH ranges. In contrast, plants with nodules on their roots that fix atmospheric nitrogen need much more iron. To highlight the physiological traits underlying the tolerance of N2-fixing common bean to iron deficiency, two genotypes were hydroponically cultivated in a greenhouse: Coco nain (CN) and Coco blanc (CB). Plants were inoculated with an efficient strain of Rhizobium tropici, CIAT899, and received a nutrient solution added with 0 µM Fe (severe Fe deficiency, SFeD), 5 µM Fe (moderate Fe deficiency, MFeD) or 45 µM Fe (control, C). Several physiological parameters related to photosynthesis and symbiotic nitrogen fixation were then analyzed. Iron deficiency significantly reduced whole plant and nodule growth, chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis, leghemoglobin (LgHb), nitrogenase (N2ase) activity, nitrogen, and Fe nutrition, with some genotypic differences. As compared to CB, CN maintained better Fe allocation to shoots and nodules, allowing it to preserve the integrity of its photosynthetic and symbiotic apparatus, thus maintaining the key functional traits of the plant metabolism (chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis in shoots, leghemoglobin accumulation, and nitrogenase activity in root nodules). Plant growth depends on photosynthesis, which needs to be supplied with sufficient iron and nitrogen. Fe deficiency stress index (FeD-SI) and Fe use efficiency (FeUE) are two physiological traits of tolerance that discriminated the studied genotypes.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Iron deficiency significantly reduced whole-plant and nodule growth.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Organ / stage
- nodulee0
- Treatment
- Iron deficiencye0
- Outcome
- whole plant and nodule growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron deficiency significantly reduced whole plant and nodule growth, chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis, leghemoglobin (LgHb), nitrogenase (N2ase) activity, nitrogen, and Fe nutrition, with some genotypic differences.”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron deficiency significantly reduced chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Iron deficiencye0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesise0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron deficiency significantly reduced whole plant and nodule growth, chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis, leghemoglobin (LgHb), nitrogenase (N2ase) activity, nitrogen, and Fe nutrition, with some genotypic differences.”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron deficiency significantly reduced leghemoglobin and nitrogenase activity.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- nodulee0
- Treatment
- Iron deficiencye0
- Outcome
- leghemoglobin (LgHb), nitrogenase (N2ase) activitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron deficiency significantly reduced whole plant and nodule growth, chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis, leghemoglobin (LgHb), nitrogenase (N2ase) activity, nitrogen, and Fe nutrition, with some genotypic differences.”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron deficiency significantly reduced nitrogen and iron nutrition.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Iron deficiencye0
- Outcome
- nitrogen, and Fe nutritione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron deficiency significantly reduced whole plant and nodule growth, chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis, leghemoglobin (LgHb), nitrogenase (N2ase) activity, nitrogen, and Fe nutrition, with some genotypic differences.”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
CN maintained better iron allocation to shoots and nodules than CB.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- CNe0
- Organ / stage
- shoots and nodulese0
- Outcome
- Fe allocation to shoots and nodulese0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- CBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As compared to CB, CN maintained better Fe allocation to shoots and nodules”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
CN preserved photosynthetic and symbiotic functions better than CB.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- CNe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis in shoots, leghemoglobin accumulation, and nitrogenase activity in root nodulese0
- Direction
- maintaininge0
- Comparator
- CBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As compared to CB, CN maintained better Fe allocation to shoots and nodules, allowing it to preserve the integrity of its photosynthetic and symbiotic apparatus, thus maintaining the key functional traits of the plant metabolism (chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis in shoots, leghemoglobin accumulation, and nitrogenase activity in root nodules).”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
FeD-SI and FeUE discriminated the genotypes for tolerance.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- Fe deficiency stress index (FeD-SI) and Fe use efficiency (FeUE)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fe deficiency stress index (FeD-SI) and Fe use efficiency (FeUE) are two physiological traits of tolerance that discriminated the studied genotypes.”
t0“common bean”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.