Abstract
The increase in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is currently causing metabolomic and physiological changes in living beings and especially in plants. Future climate change may affect crop productivity by limiting the uptake of soil resources such as nitrogen (N) and water. The contribution of legume–rhizobia symbioses to N2 fixation increases the available biological N reserve. Elevated CO2 (eCO2) has been shown to enhance the amount of fixed N2 primarily by increasing biomass. Greater leaf biomass under eCO2 levels increases N demand, which can stimulate and increase N2 fixation. For this reason, bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were used in this work to investigate how, in a CO2-enriched atmosphere, inoculation with rhizobia (Rhizobium leguminosarum) affects different growth parameters and metabolites of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, as well as enzymatic activities of nitrogen metabolism and the oxidative state of the plant, with a view to future scenarios, where the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere will increase. The results showed that bean symbiosis with R. leguminosarum improved N2 fixation, while also decreasing the plant’s oxidative stress, and provided the plant with a greater defense system against eCO2 conditions. In conclusion, the nodulation with rhizobia potentially replaced the chemical fertilization of bean plants (P. vulgaris L.), resulting in more environmentally friendly agricultural practices. However, further optimization of symbiotic activities is needed to improve the efficiency and to also develop strategies to improve the response of legume yields to eCO2, particularly due to the climate change scenario in which there is predicted to be a large increase in the atmospheric CO2 concentration.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Symbiosis with R. leguminosarum improved N2 fixation in bean under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- beane1
- Treatment
- symbiosis with R. leguminosarume1
- Interactor
- R. leguminosarum
Rhizobium leguminosarume1symbiont - Outcome
- N2 fixatione1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“bean symbiosis with R. leguminosarum improved N2 fixation”
Claim · model-written summary
Symbiosis with R. leguminosarum decreased oxidative stress in bean under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- beane1
- Treatment
- symbiosis with R. leguminosarume1
- Interactor
- R. leguminosarumRhizobium leguminosarume1symbiont
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse1
- Direction
- decreasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“bean symbiosis with R. leguminosarum improved N2 fixation, while also decreasing the plant’s oxidative stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Symbiosis with R. leguminosarum gave bean a greater defense system against elevated CO2 conditions.
- Taxon
- beane1
- Treatment
- symbiosis with R. leguminosarume1
- Interactor
- R. leguminosarumRhizobium leguminosarume1symbiont
- Outcome
- defense systeme1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Setting
- eCO2 conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“bean symbiosis with R. leguminosarum improved N2 fixation, while also decreasing the plant’s oxidative stress, and provided the plant with a greater defense system against eCO2 conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodulation with rhizobia could potentially replace chemical fertilization of bean plants.
Verbatim
e1“the nodulation with rhizobia potentially replaced the chemical fertilization of bean plants”
The same questions in other papers
Rhizobium leguminosarum · symbiosis · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.