Abstract
Nodule bacteria (rhizobia) in symbiotic associations with legumes enable considerable entries of biologically fi xed nitrogen into soil. Eff orts are therefore made to intensify the natural process of symbiotic nitrogen fi xation by legume inoculation. Studies of fi eld populations of rhizobia open up the possibility to preserve and probably exploit some indigenous strains with hidden symbiotic or ecological potentials. The main aim of the present study is to determine genetic diversity of common bean rhizobia isolated from diff erent fi eld sites in central Croatia and to evaluate their symbiotic effi ciency and compatibility with host plants. The isolation procedure revealed that most soil samples contained no indigenous common bean rhizobia. The results indicate that the cropping history had a signifi cant impact on the presence of indigenous strains. Although all isolates were found to belong to species Rhizobium leguminosarum, signifi cant genetic diversity at the strain level was determined. Application of both random amplifi cation of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC--PCR) methods resulted in similar grouping of strains. Symbiotic effi ciency of indigenous rhizobia as well as their compatibility with two commonly grown bean varieties were tested in fi eld experiments. Application of indigenous rhizobial strains as inoculants resulted in signifi cantly diff erent values of nodulation, seed yield as well as plant nitrogen and seed protein contents. The most abundant nodulation and the highest plant nitrogen and protein contents were determined in plants inoculated with R. leguminosarum strains S 17/2 and S 21/6 . Although, in general, the inoculation had a positive impact on seed yield, diff erences depending on the applied strain were not determined. The overall results show the high degree of symbiotic effi ciency of the specifi c indigenous strain S 21/6 . These results indicate diff erent symbiotic potential of indigenous strains and confi rmed the importance of rhizobial strain selection. These are the fi rst studies of indigenous common bean rhizobia in Croatia that provide the basis for further characterization and selection of highly effi cient indigenous strains and their potential use in agricultural practice and future research.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Most soil samples lacked indigenous common bean rhizobia.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Interactor
- rhizobiae0symbiont
- Outcome
- no indigenous common bean rhizobiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“most soil samples contained no indigenous common bean rhizobia”
Claim · model-written summary
Cropping history significantly affected the presence of indigenous rhizobial strains.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Interactor
- Rhizobiat0symbiont
- Outcome
- presence of indigenous strainse0
- Setting
- cropping historye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the cropping history had a signifi cant impact on the presence of indigenous strains”
t0“Common Bean Rhizobia”
Claim · model-written summary
All indigenous isolates were identified as Rhizobium leguminosarum.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Interactor
- Rhizobium leguminosarum
Rhizobium leguminosarume0symbiont - Outcome
- all isolates were found to belong to species Rhizobium leguminosarume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all isolates were found to belong to species Rhizobium leguminosarum”
t0“Common Bean Rhizobia”
Claim · model-written summary
The isolates showed significant genetic diversity at the strain level.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Interactor
- Rhizobiat0symbiont
- Outcome
- genetic diversity at the strain levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“signifi cant genetic diversity at the strain level was determined”
t0“Common Bean Rhizobia”
Claim · model-written summary
RAPD and ERIC-PCR gave similar groupings of rhizobial strains.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Interactor
- Rhizobiat0symbiont
- Outcome
- similar grouping of strainse0
- Comparator
- enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC--PCR)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of both random amplifi cation of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC--PCR) methods resulted in similar grouping of strains”
t0“Common Bean Rhizobia”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculant strains produced significantly different nodulation values in bean field experiments.
- Taxon
- beant0
- Treatment
- indigenous rhizobial strains as inoculantse0
- Interactor
- rhizobial strainse0symbiont
- Outcome
- nodulatione0
- Direction
- diff erente0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Application of indigenous rhizobial strains as inoculants resulted in signifi cantly diff erent values of nodulation, seed yield as well as plant nitrogen and seed protein contents”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculant strains produced significantly different bean seed yield values.
- Taxon
- beant0
- Treatment
- indigenous rhizobial strains as inoculantse0
- Interactor
- rhizobial strainse0symbiont
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- diff erente0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Application of indigenous rhizobial strains as inoculants resulted in signifi cantly diff erent values of nodulation, seed yield as well as plant nitrogen and seed protein contents”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculant strains produced significantly different plant nitrogen and seed protein contents.
- Taxon
- beant0
- Treatment
- indigenous rhizobial strains as inoculantse0
- Interactor
- rhizobial strainse0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant nitrogen and seed protein contentse0
- Direction
- diff erente0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Application of indigenous rhizobial strains as inoculants resulted in signifi cantly diff erent values of nodulation, seed yield as well as plant nitrogen and seed protein contents”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
S 17/2 inoculation produced the most abundant nodulation and highest nitrogen and protein contents.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- R. leguminosarum strains S 17/2e0
- Interactor
- R. leguminosarumRhizobium leguminosarume0symbiont
- Outcome
- nodulation and the highest plant nitrogen and protein contentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most abundant nodulation and the highest plant nitrogen and protein contents were determined in plants inoculated with R. leguminosarum strains S 17/2 and S 21/6”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
S 21/6 inoculation produced the most abundant nodulation and highest nitrogen and protein contents.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- S 21/6e0
- Interactor
- R. leguminosarumRhizobium leguminosarume0symbiont
- Outcome
- nodulation and the highest plant nitrogen and protein contentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most abundant nodulation and the highest plant nitrogen and protein contents were determined in plants inoculated with R. leguminosarum strains S 17/2 and S 21/6”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobial inoculation generally increased seed yield.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Rhizobiat0symbiont
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- positive impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in general, the inoculation had a positive impact on seed yield”
t0“Common Bean Rhizobia”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield did not differ by applied rhizobial strain.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Interactor
- Rhizobiat0symbiont
- Outcome
- diff erences depending on the applied strain were not determinede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diff erences depending on the applied strain were not determined”
t0“Common Bean Rhizobia”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identified S 21/6 as having high symbiotic efficiency.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Interactor
- indigenous strain S 21/6e0symbiont
- Outcome
- high degree of symbiotic effi ciencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overall results show the high degree of symbiotic effi ciency of the specifi c indigenous strain S 21/6”
t0“Common Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that selection of rhizobial strains is important.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Interactor
- Rhizobiat0symbiont
- Outcome
- rhizobial strain selectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“confi rmed the importance of rhizobial strain selection”
t0“Common Bean Rhizobia”
The same questions in other papers
Rhizobium leguminosarum · symbiosis · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
inoculation · yield · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
152 papers in the same direction as this paper · 36 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
191 papers more in this group
See all 195 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.