Abstract
Tar spot, caused by Phyllachora maydis, is the most significant disease of corn in the North Central United States. Elucidating an integrated management approach to protect grain yield is a high priority. The integration of tillage, hybrid, and fungicide application on tar spot severity, canopy greenness, and grain yield was assessed in Indiana in 2019, 2020, and 2021. A split-plot arrangement of two tillage treatments as main plots with factorial arrangement of subplots with three hybrids (tar spot susceptible and two partially resistant) and fungicide application (propiconazole + benzovindiflupyr + azoxystrobin) were evaluated. Furthermore, a multistate study comparing two hybrids (susceptible and partially resistant) and fungicide application (propiconazole + benzovindiflupyr + azoxystrobin) was conducted in Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin in 2020. This research demonstrates that partially resistant hybrids with a standardized area under the disease progress curve of 2.5 and 3.0 had significantly less tar spot than a susceptible hybrid with a standardized area under the disease progress curve of 10.1 and increased canopy greenness ratings of 48.1 and 51.5%, which were significantly higher than the susceptible hybrid at 13.0% at maturity. Tar spot severity was further reduced and canopy greenness increased with a fungicide application in the susceptible hybrid. These results suggest that partial resistance alone may be used to manage tar spot. Yields did not differ significantly across hybrids with or without a fungicide application. However, a general trend of preserved yield potential was observed in the treatments with fungicide, indicating that knowledge of genetics and yield potential will be necessary to achieve the greatest benefit from partially resistant hybrids and judicious fungicide applications.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Partially resistant corn hybrids had significantly less tar spot than a susceptible hybrid.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Material
- partially resistant hybridse0
- Treatment
- partially resistant hybridse0
- Outcome
- tar spote0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 2.5 and 3.0e0
- Comparator
- a susceptible hybride0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“partially resistant hybrids with a standardized area under the disease progress curve of 2.5 and 3.0 had significantly less tar spot than a susceptible hybrid with a standardized area under the disease progress curve of 10.1”
e1“corn in the North Central United States”
Claim · model-written summary
Partially resistant hybrids had 48.1% and 51.5% canopy greenness, significantly higher than 13.0% for the susceptible hybrid.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- partially resistant hybridse2
- Outcome
- canopy greenness ratingse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 48.1 and 51.5%e0
- Qualifier
- 13.0% at maturitye0
- Comparator
- susceptible hybride0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased canopy greenness ratings of 48.1 and 51.5%, which were significantly higher than the susceptible hybrid at 13.0% at maturity”
e1“corn in the North Central United States”
e2“partially resistant hybrids with a standardized area under the disease progress curve of 2.5 and 3.0 had significantly less tar spot than a susceptible hybrid with a standardized area under the disease progress curve of 10.1”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide application increased canopy greenness in susceptible corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Material
- susceptible hybride0
- Treatment
- fungicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- canopy greennesse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tar spot severity was further reduced and canopy greenness increased with a fungicide application in the susceptible hybrid”
e1“corn in the North Central United States”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yields did not differ significantly among hybrids with or without fungicide.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- fungicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- did not differ significantlye0
- Comparator
- without a fungicide applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields did not differ significantly across hybrids with or without a fungicide application”
e1“corn in the North Central United States”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide treatments showed a general trend toward preserved yield potential.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- treatments with fungicidee0
- Outcome
- yield potentiale0
- Direction
- preservede0
- Qualifier
- general trende0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a general trend of preserved yield potential was observed in the treatments with fungicide”
e1“corn in the North Central United States”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest partial resistance alone can manage tar spot.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- partial resistance alone may be used to manage tar spote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“partial resistance alone may be used to manage tar spot”
e1“corn in the North Central United States”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors say genetics and yield potential knowledge is needed to maximize benefit from resistant hybrids and judicious fungicide.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- knowledge of genetics and yield potential will be necessarye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“knowledge of genetics and yield potential will be necessary to achieve the greatest benefit from partially resistant hybrids and judicious fungicide applications”
e1“corn in the North Central United States”
The same questions in other papers
fungicide · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
46 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
61 papers more in this group
See all 65 papers →fungicide · physiology: pigments · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.